科技英语-常用句型

　　常用句型科技文章中经常使用若干特定的句型，从而形成科技文体区别于其他文体的标志。例如It——that——结构句型；被动态结构句型；结构句型，分词短语结构句型，省略句结构句型等。

　　举例如下：

　　It is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry one.

　　显然，润滑好的轴承，比不润滑的轴承容易转动。

　　It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting.

　　看来这两个科学分支是相互依存，相互作用的。

　　It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition¹ to the force producing it.

　　已经证明，感应电压使电流的方向与产生电流的磁场力方向相反。

　　It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.

　　直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。

　　Computers may be classified as analog² and digital.

　　计算机可分为模拟计算机和数字计算机两种。

　　The switching time of the new-type transistor³ is shortened three times.

　　新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。（或——缩短为三分之一。）This steel alloy⁴ is believed to be the best available here .

　　人们认为这种合金钢是这里能提供的最好的合金钢。

　　Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as light.

　　电磁波传送的速度和光速相同。

　　Microcomputers⁵ are very small in size ,as is shown in Fig⁶.5.

　　如图5所示，微型计算机体积很小。

　　In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in air.

　　声音在水中的传播速度几乎是在空气中传播速度的五倍。

　　Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as heavy.

　　氧与氢比较，重量大约是它的十六倍。

　　The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit was low.

　　由于电阻很大，电路中通过的电流就小。

　　Ice keeps the same temperature while melting.

　　冰在溶化时，其温度保持不变。

　　An object, once in motion, will keep on moving because of its inertia⁷.

　　物体一旦运动，就会因惯性而持续运动。

　　All substances, whether gaseous⁸, liquid or solid ,are made of atoms .

　　一切物质，不论是气态、液态，还是固态，都由原子组成。

1 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

2 analog   

n.类似物，模拟

参考例句：

• The analog signal contains high-frequency video information,which helps make up the picture.模拟信号包括有助于构成图像的高频视频信息。
• The analog computer measures continuously,without proceeding step by step.模拟计算机不是一步一步地进行，而是连续地进行量度。

3 transistor   

n.晶体管，晶体管收音机

参考例句：

• This make of transistor radio is small and beautifully designed.这半导体收音机小巧玲珑。
• Every transistor has at least three electrodes.每个晶体管至少有三个电极。

4 alloy   

n.合金，(金属的)成色

参考例句：

• The company produces titanium alloy.该公司生产钛合金。
• Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.青铜是铜和锡的合金。

5 microcomputers   

微型计算机( microcomputer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Microcomputers are playing an important role in our lives. 微型计算机在我们生活中扮演着重要的角色。
• Many microcomputers do allow you to directly address a memory address. 目前有许多微计算机允许你直接访问某个存储单元。

6 fig   

n.无花果(树)

参考例句：

• The doctor finished the fig he had been eating and selected another.这位医生吃完了嘴里的无花果，又挑了一个。
• You can't find a person who doesn't know fig in the United States.你找不到任何一个在美国的人不知道无花果的。

7 inertia   

adj.惰性，惯性，懒惰，迟钝

参考例句：

• We had a feeling of inertia in the afternoon.下午我们感觉很懒。
• Inertia carried the plane onto the ground.飞机靠惯性着陆。

8 gaseous   

adj.气体的，气态的

参考例句：

• Air whether in the gaseous or liquid state is a fluid.空气，无论是气态的或是液态的，都是一种流体。
• Freon exists both in liquid and gaseous states.氟利昂有液态和气态两种形态。