6-6 6月21日——仲夏节(在线收听

June 21 -- Midsummer

 

Midsummer was the festival throughout most of England, most of Scotland, Shetland1, and the Orkneys2. Fires, dancing, games, and various shenanigans3 involving fertility were the general rule on this “longest day of the year.” The passing centuries took their toll4 on this once-majestic occasion. By the 1680s, British folklorist John Aubrey5 reported that “still in many places... they make fires on the hills: but the Civil Warres6 have put all these rites or customs quite out of fashion7.”

 

Millennia8 ago, Stonehenge’ s9 anonymous builders no doubt celebrated their own midsummer rites among the stones. More recently a British group called the Ancient Order of Druids10, founded in 1781 by a carpenter named Hurle, instituted an annual June 21 ceremony at the site. The latter-day11 Druid rite, which attracted huge crowds, entailed12 a bread-and-wine sacrament13, candles, bells, incense, and white-and-purple-surpliced14 priests who shared wine from a silver cup as the midsummer sunbeams crept portentously15 across the old stones as in times of yore16. The Stonehenge rite was a local staple for many decades. In the mid-1980s, vandalism17 and unruly spectators imperiled18 the ritual’s future.

 

注释

1.Shetland [5FetlEnd] = Shetland Islands 设得兰群岛 [英国苏格兰北部]

2.Orkneys [5R:knis] = Orkney Islands 奥克尼群岛 [英国苏格兰北部]

3.shenanigan [FE5nAni^En] n.〈美口〉[常作~s]胡闹淘气恶作剧

4.take one's toll 造成损失或危害、伤亡等

5.John Aubrey 约翰·奥布里16261697英国文物收藏研究家、作家、皇家学会会员以为同时代人撰写传记小品而闻名

6.Civil Warres = Civil War英国内战1642164616481652英国议会与保皇党人之间的内战

7.out of (the) fashion 不合时尚

8.millennium [mi5leniEm] [] millennian. 千年

9.Stonehenge [5stEunhendV] n. 巨石阵(英国南部索尔兹伯里附近的一处史前巨石建筑遗址)

10.Druid [5dru:id] n. 德鲁伊特(古代克尔特人中一批有学识的人,担任祭司、教师和法官或当巫师、占卜者等)

11.latter-day [5lAtE5dei] a. 近代的后来的

12.entail [in5teil] vt. 使成为必要需要

13.sacrament [5sAkrEmEnt] n. [] 圣餐圣餐面包和酒

14.surpliced [5s\:plist] a. 穿白法衣的穿白袈裟的white-and-purple-surpliced穿紫白相间法衣的

15.portentously [pC:5tentEsli] ad. 奇特地令人惊讶地

16.yore [jC: (r)] n.〈书〉昔日往昔

17.vandalism [5vAndEliz(E)m] n. 故意毁坏文物的行为

18.imperil [im5peril] vt. 使陷于危险,危及

621——仲夏节

 

在英格兰和苏格兰的大部分地区,在设得兰群岛和奥克尼群岛,夏至都是一个节日。在这一年中最长的一天里,人们一般燃点篝火、跳舞、玩游戏,还有各种与生殖有关的胡闹。但过去的几个世纪已使这个曾经辉煌的节日大为失色。17世纪80年代,英国民俗学者约翰·奥布里曾经报道:还是有许多地方……人们在山上燃点篝火:但是内战使所有这些仪式或习俗基本上不再流行了。

 

数千年之前,巨石阵的无名建造者们肯定在这石林之中庆祝过自己的仲夏节。较近一些,英国一个名为古代德鲁伊特人会社的组织于每年的621日在巨石阵举行庆祝仪式。这个组织是由一位姓赫尔的木匠在1781年创立的。后来这个仪式吸引了很多参加者。仪式包括面包和葡萄酒的圣餐、烛光、钟声、焚香以及身穿紫白相间的法衣的神甫。在夏至的阳光像往昔那样奇妙地穿过那古老的石阵的时刻,神甫将盛在银杯里的葡萄酒与参加者一一分享。几十年来,巨石阵仪式都是当地的一项主要活动。在20世纪80年代中期,破坏文物的行为和不守规矩的观众给未来的仪式造成了很大的危害。

 

 

  原文地址:http://www.tingroom.com/lesson/englishsalon1/25676.html