美国国家公共电台 NPR 特朗普感恩节突访阿富汗 宣布美国与塔利班对话重启（在线收听）

For people following the news, Thanksgiving was a relatively quiet holiday. For a moment anyway, events in the world did not seem to be moving quite so swiftly as they have in recent years. In the course of the day, we learned of a possible reason why. The world's No. 1 generator of news had briefly gone dark for security reasons while visiting U.S. troops in Afghanistan. Once his presence was known in Afghanistan, President Trump did make news. He declared that peace talks with Afghanistan's Taliban militants are back on.

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PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: The Taliban wants to make a deal. And we're meeting with them, and we're saying it has to be a cease-fire. They didn't want to do a cease-fire, but now they do want to do a cease-fire.

INSKEEP: The U.S. negotiated with the Taliban before, only to have the president call off the talks a few months ago. NPR Pentagon correspondent Tom Bowman is covering this story. Tom, happy holiday to you. Good morning.

TOM BOWMAN, BYLINE: Happy holiday, Steve.

INSKEEP: Now, we're obliged to note that the president says a lot of things are happening when they're not actually happening — not a statement against him, just a reality — often says things that aren't true. He just said there are peace talks. Are these peace talks real?

BOWMAN: Well, we don't know yet. What we do know is the American envoy to the peace talks, Zalmay Khalilzad, has been traveling around the region, meeting with Pakistani officials. The Taliban, meanwhile, who had been to China, talking with Chinese officials. So we know there's a lot of preliminary stuff going on behind the scenes. But as far as formal talks in Doha, Qatar, we have no sense at this point whether they started at all.

What's curious, Steve, is after the president made those remarks, his press secretary told reporters this trip is all about meeting troops and not about the peace process.

INSKEEP: Well, let's talk about what these peace talks would be if something real and formal does emerge because there was this effort before. They didn't engage in talks — Zalmay Khalilzad was deeply involved in that — and they did have some kind of possible outline of an agreement, but it seemed to be really narrow — wasn't even really a peace deal. So what would they talk about this time?

BOWMAN: Well, as we all know, anybody that covers this stuff, Steve — and you and I met in Afghanistan 16 years ago, so we've been following this a long time. The Americans want the Taliban to renounce any support for terrorist organizations, principally al-Qaida. They want a cease-fire. And they also want the Taliban to talk directly with the Afghan government. But the Taliban see the Afghan government as mere puppets of the Americans, so there's a stumbling block right there. The Americans want to keep some troops in Afghanistan to go after ISIS and maybe al-Qaida remnants. The Taliban, though, want all U.S. troops out. So the question — one of the big questions is, can there be a compromise on that point alone?

INSKEEP: Tom, thanks very much for the insight — really appreciate it.

BOWMAN: You're welcome, Steve.

INSKEEP: That's NPR Pentagon correspondent Tom Bowman.

对于追踪新闻事件的人来说，感恩节是相对安静的一个节日。至少一段时间来说，全球所发生事件的进展并未像最近几年那样快。在感恩节当天，我们得知了一个可能的原因。世界头号新闻制造者在慰问驻阿富汗美军期间，出于安全考虑暂时停止了新闻制造。当他访问阿富汗一事被公开时，特朗普总统的确制造了新闻。他宣布美国与阿富汗塔利班武装分子的和谈已经重启。

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唐纳德·特朗普总统：塔利班希望达成协议。我们正在和他们举行会谈，我们的立场是必须停火。他们先前不想停火，但我认为他们现在确实想停火。

因斯基普：美国此前与塔利班进行过谈判，但最终结果是总统在几个月前取消了和谈。NPR新闻驻五角大楼记者汤姆·鲍曼将带来详细报道。汤姆，节日快乐。早上好。

汤姆·鲍曼连线：节日快乐，史蒂夫。

因斯基普：我们必须指出，总统说很多事情在进行时，其实这些事情并没有发生——这并不是反对总统的声明，只是陈述一个事实——总统说的事情通常不是真实的。他刚刚表示和谈已经重启。这是真的吗？

鲍曼：目前我们还不能确定。我们知道的情况是，美国负责与塔利班谈判的特使扎尔梅·哈利勒扎德一直在该地区游走，并与巴基斯坦官员会面。同时，塔利班曾前往中国并与中国官员举行会谈。因此，有很多准备工作在幕后进行。但就在卡塔尔多哈举行的正式对话来说，目前我们并不清楚谈话是否已经启动。

史蒂夫，奇怪的是，在总统发表这些言论之后，他的新闻秘书对记者表示，总统此行的目的是慰问军队，与和平进程无关。

因斯基普：既然准备工作在进行，那如果正式工作确实开展，这些和谈会走向何方？他们并未参与谈话——当然，扎尔梅·哈利勒扎德深入参与了和谈——他们的确提出了可行的协议大纲，但似乎内容相当有限，甚至都不能称得上是和平协议。那这次他们会商讨哪些内容？

鲍曼：报道这一事件的人都知道，史蒂夫，你和我16年前在阿富汗见过面，我们已经报道这一事件相当长的时间了。美国希望塔利班宣布放弃对恐怖组织的所有支持，主要是放弃对“基地”组织的支持。美国希望停火。美方还希望塔利班直接与阿富汗政府对话。但是塔利班认为阿富汗政府是美国的傀儡，可以说，双方之间存在障碍。美国希望在阿富汗保留部分美军，以打击ISIS和“基地”组织的残余势力。而塔利班希望所有美军撤离阿富汗。现在，其中一个重要问题是，双方能在这点上达成妥协吗？

因斯基普：汤姆，非常谢谢你带来的见解。

鲍曼：不客气，史蒂夫。

因斯基普：以上是NPR新闻驻五角大楼记者汤姆·鲍曼带来的报道。