美国国家公共电台 NPR 飓风"艾达"重创美国海湾地区油气基础设施（在线收听）

Hurricane Ida has severely disrupted the lives of people who live in southeastern Louisiana with power failures, cellphone outages and closed businesses.

飓风“艾达”严重扰乱了路易斯安那州东南部居民的生活，因为飓风导致停电、手机中断以及商店关门。

But the storm also wreaked havoc on the region's biggest industry — oil and gas.

但这场风暴也对该地区规模最大的产业——石油和天然气——造成了严重破坏。

Ida's ferocious winds and storm surge made a direct hit on Port Fourchon, the nation's most important hub for the offshore industry in the Gulf of Mexico.

“艾达”的狂风和风暴潮直接袭击了美国在墨西哥湾最重要的离岸工业中心弗尔雄港。

NPR's John Burnett reports.

NPR新闻的约翰·伯内特将带来详细报道。

If you look at a map of Louisiana, the coastline is a vast watery landscape of marshes, swamps, bays, rivers, bayous and barrier islands —

如果你看一下路易斯安那州的地图，会发现海岸线是一片广阔的水景，有草泽、沼泽、海湾、河流、海湾和堰洲岛——

as the license plate slogan says, a sportsman's paradise.

正如车牌上的标语所写，这里是运动员的天堂。

But this is also a hardworking coast, especially the area clobbered by Hurricane Ida. How bad is it?

但这也是艰苦的海岸，尤其是遭受飓风“艾达”袭击的地区。情况有多糟糕？

I mean, that is a huge lick to our state and the nation.

这对我们的州和国家来说都是巨大的打击。

Mike Moncla is president of the Louisiana Oil & Gas Association. More than 250 companies with a stake in the Gulf depend on Port Fourchon.

迈克·蒙克拉是路易斯安那州石油和天然气协会的主席。250多家在海湾地区持有股份的公司依赖弗尔雄港。

Twelve hundred trucks per day use Highway 1 that goes to the port down there.

每天有1200辆卡车经由1号公路到达这个港口。

To not be able to get oilfield services to those ports is definitely going to hurt our industry and hurt the state.

如果不能将油田送的农这些港口，肯定会损害我们的行业和国家。

Ninety percent of the Gulf's production platforms and drilling rigs are serviced out of Port Fourchon.

墨西哥湾90%的生产平台和钻井平台都在弗尔雄港提供服务。

Moreover, 15% of the nation's oil and 5% of its natural gas comes from deposits under the Gulf seabed.

此外，美国15%的石油和5%的天然气来自墨西哥湾海底的沉积物。

One state study projects that a 90-day closure of Port Fourchon would result in a nearly $8 billion reduction in the U.S. Gross Domestic Product.

一项州研究预测，弗尔雄港关闭90天将导致美国国内生产总值减少近80亿美元。

Port Fourchon is the major hub for all of the Gulf in terms of production, in terms of operations, both offshore and onshore.

弗尔雄港是海湾地区海上和陆上生产和运营的主要枢纽。

Shubra Misra is a senior research scientist with the Water Institute of the Gulf in Baton Rouge.

舒布拉·米斯拉是巴吞鲁日海湾水研究所的高级研究科学家。

If a facility like Port Fourchon is damaged, the entire supply chain gets interrupted with the corresponding economic impacts.

如果弗尔雄港这样的设施遭到破坏，整个供应链都会中断，并带来相应的经济影响。

Supply vessels can't move. Crews don't get shuttle to the rigs. Manufacturing and maintenance halts.

补给船不能移动。船员不能将航天飞机送到钻井平台上。制造和维护暂停。

Onshore production and processing facilities can't get raw crude and natural gas through pipelines.

陆上生产和加工设施无法通过管道获得原油和天然气。

Everyone interviewed for this report agrees the shutdown of Port Fourchon will likely drive up the price of crude and the cost of gas at the pump.

接受本报道采访的所有人都一致认为，弗尔雄港的关闭可能会推高原油价格和加油站的汽油成本。

The destruction is going to be massive.

破坏规模将相当巨大。

Sustained winds of 150 miles per hour, with one gust clocked at 172, were felt at the port, which is the southernmost settlement on the Louisiana coast.

该港口是路易斯安那州海岸最南端的居民点，可以感受到时速150英里的持续风力，其中阵风达到172英里每小时。

Drone video shows Louisiana Highway 1, the only road in and out of the port, is buckled, crumbling and sunken.

无人机拍摄的视频显示，进出港口的唯一道路——路易斯安那州1号公路已经弯曲、坍塌和下沉。

With climate change warming the Gulf and making hurricanes even more violent, the offshore industry faces certain challenges, says Alex Colker, an oceanographer at the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium.

路易斯安那大学海洋协会的海洋学家亚历克斯·科尔克表示，随着气候变化使墨西哥湾变暖，飓风变得更加猛烈，海上产业面临着一定的挑战。

Our threats are increasing as we see more frequent storms, more intense storms and higher water levels.

随着风暴越来越频繁、强度越来越大、水位越来越高，我们面临的威胁也越来越大。

And the coast is receding, and that land loss makes this area more vulnerable.

海岸正在后退，土地流失使这个地区更加脆弱。

So we've got just a multitude of threats that increase the exposure of this area.

因此，有大量威胁增加了这个地区的暴露。

Sixteen years ago, Hurricane Katrina heavily damaged a Shell Oil platform and capsized a deepwater platform belonging to Chevron.

16年前，飓风“卡特里娜”严重破坏了壳牌石油公司的一个平台，并倾覆了雪佛龙公司的一个深水平台。

And some offshore facilities still haven't resumed operations since Tropical Storm Cristobal last year.

由于去年热带风暴“克里斯托瓦尔”曾来袭，一些海上设施本就尚未恢复运营。

Again, Mike Moncla, with the Louisiana Oil & Gas Association.

下面再次请出路易斯安那州石油和天然气协会的迈克·蒙克拉。

Every time we have a hurricane that ravages through those platforms and beats them up, it's a difficult recovery.

每次飓风肆虐这些平台并将其摧毁时，恢复过程都相当艰难。

Oil companies have been forced to invest in their offshore infrastructure to make it more resilient against ever-stronger Gulf storms.

石油公司被迫投资于他们的海上基础设施，以使其更能抵御更强的海湾风暴。

The same goes for onshore facilities,

陆上设施也是如此，

from supply hubs like Port Fourchon to vulnerable refineries and petrochemical plants that are clustered along the coast in Texas and Louisiana.

无论是弗尔雄港这样的供应枢纽，还是得克萨斯州和路易斯安那州沿海聚集的易受影响的炼油厂和石化厂。

Royal Dutch Shell reports that it's Norco refinery, just west of New Orleans, had lost power and sustained major flooding because of Ida.

荷兰皇家壳牌公司报告称，其位于新奥尔良以西的诺科炼油厂因飓风“艾达”而断电并遭受严重洪灾。

The long-term effects from Hurricane Ida will also be felt in corporate boardrooms far from the muggy coastline of the Gulf.

远离墨西哥湾闷热海岸线的公司董事会会议室也将感受到飓风“艾达”的长期影响。

As more intense and more frequent storms continue to pound offshore oil and gas facilities,

随着越来越强烈、越来越频繁的风暴继续袭击海上油气设施，

industry experts say shale fields like the Permian Basin in West Texas become more attractive to investors.

行业专家表示，西得克萨斯州二叠纪盆地等页岩油田会变得对投资者更具吸引力。

John Burnett, NPR News, New Orleans.

NPR新闻，约翰·伯内特新奥尔良报道。