美国国家公共电台 NPR 飓风"艾达"重创美国海湾地区油气基础设施

Hurricane Ida has severely¹ disrupted the lives of people who live in southeastern Louisiana with power failures, cellphone outages and closed businesses.

飓风“艾达”严重扰乱了路易斯安那州东南部居民的生活，因为飓风导致停电、手机中断以及商店关门。

But the storm also wreaked² havoc³ on the region's biggest industry — oil and gas.

但这场风暴也对该地区规模最大的产业——石油和天然气——造成了严重破坏。

Ida's ferocious⁴ winds and storm surge made a direct hit on Port Fourchon, the nation's most important hub for the offshore⁵ industry in the Gulf⁶ of Mexico.

“艾达”的狂风和风暴潮直接袭击了美国在墨西哥湾最重要的离岸工业中心弗尔雄港。

NPR's John Burnett reports.

NPR新闻的约翰·伯内特将带来详细报道。

If you look at a map of Louisiana, the coastline is a vast watery⁷ landscape of marshes⁸, swamps, bays, rivers, bayous and barrier islands —

如果你看一下路易斯安那州的地图，会发现海岸线是一片广阔的水景，有草泽、沼泽、海湾、河流、海湾和堰洲岛——

as the license⁹ plate slogan says, a sportsman's paradise.

正如车牌上的标语所写，这里是运动员的天堂。

But this is also a hardworking coast, especially the area clobbered¹⁰ by Hurricane Ida. How bad is it?

但这也是艰苦的海岸，尤其是遭受飓风“艾达”袭击的地区。情况有多糟糕？

I mean, that is a huge lick to our state and the nation.

这对我们的州和国家来说都是巨大的打击。

Mike Moncla is president of the Louisiana Oil & Gas Association. More than 250 companies with a stake in the Gulf depend on Port Fourchon.

迈克·蒙克拉是路易斯安那州石油和天然气协会的主席。250多家在海湾地区持有股份的公司依赖弗尔雄港。

Twelve hundred trucks per day use Highway 1 that goes to the port down there.

每天有1200辆卡车经由1号公路到达这个港口。

To not be able to get oilfield services to those ports is definitely going to hurt our industry and hurt the state.

如果不能将油田送的农这些港口，肯定会损害我们的行业和国家。

Ninety percent of the Gulf's production platforms and drilling rigs are serviced out of Port Fourchon.

墨西哥湾90%的生产平台和钻井平台都在弗尔雄港提供服务。

Moreover, 15% of the nation's oil and 5% of its natural gas comes from deposits under the Gulf seabed.

此外，美国15%的石油和5%的天然气来自墨西哥湾海底的沉积物。

One state study projects that a 90-day closure of Port Fourchon would result in a nearly $8 billion reduction in the U.S. Gross Domestic Product.

一项州研究预测，弗尔雄港关闭90天将导致美国国内生产总值减少近80亿美元。

Port Fourchon is the major hub for all of the Gulf in terms of production, in terms of operations, both offshore and onshore.

弗尔雄港是海湾地区海上和陆上生产和运营的主要枢纽。

Shubra Misra is a senior research scientist with the Water Institute of the Gulf in Baton¹¹ Rouge¹².

舒布拉·米斯拉是巴吞鲁日海湾水研究所的高级研究科学家。

If a facility like Port Fourchon is damaged, the entire supply chain gets interrupted with the corresponding economic impacts.

如果弗尔雄港这样的设施遭到破坏，整个供应链都会中断，并带来相应的经济影响。

Supply vessels¹³ can't move. Crews don't get shuttle to the rigs. Manufacturing and maintenance halts.

补给船不能移动。船员不能将航天飞机送到钻井平台上。制造和维护暂停。

Onshore production and processing facilities can't get raw crude and natural gas through pipelines¹⁴.

陆上生产和加工设施无法通过管道获得原油和天然气。

Everyone interviewed for this report agrees the shutdown of Port Fourchon will likely drive up the price of crude and the cost of gas at the pump.

接受本报道采访的所有人都一致认为，弗尔雄港的关闭可能会推高原油价格和加油站的汽油成本。

The destruction is going to be massive.

破坏规模将相当巨大。

Sustained winds of 150 miles per hour, with one gust¹⁵ clocked at 172, were felt at the port, which is the southernmost settlement on the Louisiana coast.

该港口是路易斯安那州海岸最南端的居民点，可以感受到时速150英里的持续风力，其中阵风达到172英里每小时。

Drone video shows Louisiana Highway 1, the only road in and out of the port, is buckled¹⁶, crumbling¹⁷ and sunken.

无人机拍摄的视频显示，进出港口的唯一道路——路易斯安那州1号公路已经弯曲、坍塌和下沉。

With climate change warming the Gulf and making hurricanes even more violent, the offshore industry faces certain challenges, says Alex Colker, an oceanographer at the Louisiana Universities Marine¹⁸ Consortium.

路易斯安那大学海洋协会的海洋学家亚历克斯·科尔克表示，随着气候变化使墨西哥湾变暖，飓风变得更加猛烈，海上产业面临着一定的挑战。

Our threats are increasing as we see more frequent storms, more intense storms and higher water levels.

随着风暴越来越频繁、强度越来越大、水位越来越高，我们面临的威胁也越来越大。

And the coast is receding¹⁹, and that land loss makes this area more vulnerable.

海岸正在后退，土地流失使这个地区更加脆弱。

So we've got just a multitude of threats that increase the exposure of this area.

因此，有大量威胁增加了这个地区的暴露。

Sixteen years ago, Hurricane Katrina heavily damaged a Shell Oil platform and capsized a deepwater platform belonging to Chevron²⁰.

16年前，飓风“卡特里娜”严重破坏了壳牌石油公司的一个平台，并倾覆了雪佛龙公司的一个深水平台。

And some offshore facilities still haven't resumed operations since Tropical Storm Cristobal last year.

由于去年热带风暴“克里斯托瓦尔”曾来袭，一些海上设施本就尚未恢复运营。

Again, Mike Moncla, with the Louisiana Oil & Gas Association.

下面再次请出路易斯安那州石油和天然气协会的迈克·蒙克拉。

Every time we have a hurricane that ravages²¹ through those platforms and beats them up, it's a difficult recovery.

每次飓风肆虐这些平台并将其摧毁时，恢复过程都相当艰难。

Oil companies have been forced to invest in their offshore infrastructure²² to make it more resilient against ever-stronger Gulf storms.

石油公司被迫投资于他们的海上基础设施，以使其更能抵御更强的海湾风暴。

The same goes for onshore facilities,

陆上设施也是如此，

from supply hubs like Port Fourchon to vulnerable refineries²³ and petrochemical plants that are clustered along the coast in Texas and Louisiana.

无论是弗尔雄港这样的供应枢纽，还是得克萨斯州和路易斯安那州沿海聚集的易受影响的炼油厂和石化厂。

Royal Dutch Shell reports that it's Norco refinery²⁴, just west of New Orleans, had lost power and sustained major flooding because of Ida.

荷兰皇家壳牌公司报告称，其位于新奥尔良以西的诺科炼油厂因飓风“艾达”而断电并遭受严重洪灾。

The long-term effects from Hurricane Ida will also be felt in corporate²⁵ boardrooms far from the muggy²⁶ coastline of the Gulf.

远离墨西哥湾闷热海岸线的公司董事会会议室也将感受到飓风“艾达”的长期影响。

As more intense and more frequent storms continue to pound offshore oil and gas facilities,

随着越来越强烈、越来越频繁的风暴继续袭击海上油气设施，

industry experts say shale²⁷ fields like the Permian Basin in West Texas become more attractive to investors²⁸.

行业专家表示，西得克萨斯州二叠纪盆地等页岩油田会变得对投资者更具吸引力。

John Burnett, NPR News, New Orleans.

NPR新闻，约翰·伯内特新奥尔良报道。

1 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

2 wreaked   

诉诸（武力），施行（暴力），发（脾气）( wreak的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The earthquake wreaked havoc on the city. 地震对这个城市造成了大破坏。
• They have wreaked dreadful havoc among the wildlife by shooting and trapping. 他们射杀和诱捕野生动物，造成了严重的破坏。

3 havoc   

n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱

参考例句：

• The earthquake wreaked havoc on the city.地震对这个城市造成了大破坏。
• This concentration of airborne firepower wrought havoc with the enemy forces.这次机载火力的集中攻击给敌军造成很大破坏。

4 ferocious   

adj.凶猛的，残暴的，极度的，十分强烈的

参考例句：

• The ferocious winds seemed about to tear the ship to pieces.狂风仿佛要把船撕成碎片似的。
• The ferocious panther is chasing a rabbit.那只凶猛的豹子正追赶一只兔子。

5 offshore   

adj.海面的，吹向海面的；adv.向海面

参考例句：

• A big program of oil exploration has begun offshore.一个大规模的石油勘探计划正在近海展开。
• A gentle current carried them slowly offshore.和缓的潮流慢慢地把他们带离了海岸。

6 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

7 watery   

adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的

参考例句：

• In his watery eyes there is an expression of distrust.他那含泪的眼睛流露出惊惶失措的神情。
• Her eyes became watery because of the smoke.因为烟熏，她的双眼变得泪汪汪的。

8 marshes   

n.沼泽，湿地( marsh的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Cows were grazing on the marshes. 牛群在湿地上吃草。
• We had to cross the marshes. 我们不得不穿过那片沼泽地。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 license   

n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许

参考例句：

• The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
• The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。

10 clobbered   

v.狠揍， （不停）猛打( clobber的过去式和过去分词 )；彻底击败

参考例句：

• The paper got clobbered with libel damages of half a million pounds. 这家报纸被罚以五十万英镑的诽谤损害赔偿金。
• The robbers clobbered the shopkeeper to make him open the safe. 强盗们殴打店主迫使他打开保险箱。 来自辞典例句

11 baton   

n.乐队用指挥杖

参考例句：

• With the baton the conductor was beating time.乐队指挥用指挥棒打拍子。
• The conductor waved his baton,and the band started up.指挥挥动指挥棒，乐队开始演奏起来。

12 rouge   

n.胭脂，口红唇膏；v.(在…上)擦口红

参考例句：

• Women put rouge on their cheeks to make their faces pretty.女人往面颊上涂胭脂，使脸更漂亮。
• She didn't need any powder or lip rouge to make her pretty.她天生漂亮，不需要任何脂粉唇膏打扮自己。

13 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

14 pipelines   

管道( pipeline的名词复数 )； 输油管道； 在考虑（或规划、准备） 中； 在酿中

参考例句：

• The oil is carried to the oil refinery by pipelines. 石油通过输油管输送到炼油厂。
• The oil carried in pipelines. 石油用管道输送。

15 gust   

n.阵风，突然一阵（雨、烟等），（感情的）迸发

参考例句：

• A gust of wind blew the front door shut.一阵大风吹来，把前门关上了。
• A gust of happiness swept through her.一股幸福的暖流流遍她的全身。

16 buckled   

a. 有带扣的

参考例句：

• She buckled her belt. 她扣上了腰带。
• The accident buckled the wheel of my bicycle. 我自行车的轮子在事故中弄弯了。

17 crumbling   

adj.摇摇欲坠的

参考例句：

• an old house with crumbling plaster and a leaking roof 一所灰泥剥落、屋顶漏水的老房子
• The boat was tied up alongside a crumbling limestone jetty. 这条船停泊在一个摇摇欲坠的石灰岩码头边。

18 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

19 receding   

v.逐渐远离( recede的现在分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题

参考例句：

• Desperately he struck out after the receding lights of the yacht. 游艇的灯光渐去渐远，他拼命划水追赶。 来自辞典例句
• Sounds produced by vehicles receding from us seem lower-pitched than usual. 渐渐远离我们的运载工具发出的声似乎比平常的音调低。 来自辞典例句

20 chevron   

n.V形臂章；V形图案

参考例句：

• He wore shoulderstrap rank slides with sergeant's chevrons.他佩戴标示级别的肩章，上面有中士的V形标志。
• The chevron or arrow road sign indicates a sharp bend to the left or right.V形或箭头路标表示有向左或向右的急转弯。

21 ravages   

劫掠后的残迹，破坏的结果，毁坏后的残迹

参考例句：

• the ravages of war 战争造成的灾难
• It is hard for anyone to escape from the ravages of time. 任何人都很难逃避时间的摧残。

22 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

23 refineries   

精炼厂( refinery的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The efforts on closedown and suspension of small sugar refineries, small saccharin refineries and small paper mills are also being carried out in steps. 关停小糖厂、小糖精厂、小造纸厂的工作也已逐步展开。
• Hence the sitting of refineries is at a distance from population centres. 所以，炼油厂的厂址总在远离人口集中的地方。

24 refinery   

n.精炼厂，提炼厂

参考例句：

• They built a sugar refinery.他们建起了一座榨糖厂。
• The purpose of oil refinery is to refine crude petroleum.炼油厂的主要工作是提炼原油。

25 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

26 muggy   

adj.闷热的；adv.（天气）闷热而潮湿地；n.（天气）闷热而潮湿

参考例句：

• We may expect muggy weather when the rainy season begins.雨季开始时，我们预料有闷热的天气。
• It was muggy and overcast.天气闷热潮湿，而且天色阴沉。

27 shale   

n.页岩，泥板岩

参考例句：

• We can extract oil from shale.我们可以从页岩中提取石油。
• Most of the rock in this mountain is shale.这座山上大部分的岩石都是页岩。

28 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会