大赦国际将缅甸军方对罗兴亚的罪行联系起来

Amnesty International Links Myanmar Military to Crimes Against Rohingya

Amnesty International says it has evidence linking 13 Myanmar officials to crimes against humanity for their part in operations against the country’s Rohingya minority.

The officials are said to include the Commander-in-Chief of the Defense¹ Services, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, and eight other senior military officers.

The rights group provided details in a report released on Wednesday. The report is called “We Will Destroy Everything: Military Responsibility for Crimes against Humanity in Rakhine States, Myanmar”.

"Make absolutely no mistake, these are crimes against humanity,” said Amnesty’s Crisis Response Director Tirana Hassan. “We are talking about rape², murder, torture, forced starvation, the use of land mines, and targeted burning of villages. These are crimes which are so serious that they should be referred to the International Criminal Court."

More than 700,000 Rohingya Muslims have fled Myanmar's Rakhine state since August 25. They began leaving after Rohingya militants³ launched attacks against state security forces. Those attacks led to military action against suspected militants and their supporters.

The United Nations has described the operation as well-organized and systematic⁴, which it said is a "textbook example" of ethnic⁵ cleansing⁶.

Myanmar officials have said the campaign is aimed at fighting terrorism.

Shocking stories

Fleeing Rohingya have told stories of state security forces burning their villages in northern Rakhine state. They have accused the military of rape, killings⁷, stealing and setting land mines to prevent them from returning home.

In preparing the report, Amnesty researchers spoke⁸ with more than 400 people, including with Rohingya in central Rakhine state and at refugee camps in Bangladesh. The researchers also collected victim and eyewitness⁹ reports of abuse and examined satellite images and documents.

"What we know from this is that the atrocities¹⁰ committed against the Rohingya implicate¹¹ every level of the Myanmar military," said Matthew Wells, Amnesty's Senior Crisis Adviser¹².

He said at least two of the military teams sent to Rohingya areas had been linked to war crimes in Shan state. Wells added that military leaders chose to send soldiers known for violence against ethnic minorities.

The Amnesty researchers also provided details of abuses by Rohingya militants of the Arakan Rohingya Salvation¹³ Army. The list includes over 20 targeted killings of Rohingya suspected of being government informants, as well as deadly attacks on Hindu communities.

VOA was unsuccessful in its attempts to reach Myanmar’s ambassador to the United Nations for comment on the report.

Amnesty said it sent a letter to the country's de facto head of state, Aung San Suu Kyi. It said the letter was received in Napitaw, the capital, on June 13, but that the group has yet to get any reaction.

Commission of inquiry¹⁴

After months of denying that abuses were happening, Myanmar officials recently established a committee to investigate the situation. Amnesty said it worries this committee will "whitewash¹⁵" the facts.

The rights group said it knew of the tense balance between the civilian¹⁶ government and the military. It added that does not excuse civilian leaders from doing more to end the crisis.

"The civilian government has a responsibility,” Amnesty's Tirana Hassan said of Aung San Suu Kyi. She added that the government must learn what caused the violence.

Words in This Story

senior – adj. of or related to a higher rating

refer – v. to send someone to a place or person

textbook – n. a book used in the study of a subject

atrocity¹⁷ – n. an abuse; a very bad situation

implicate – v. to say someone is responsible

de facto – adj. actual; real

whitewash – n. a planned effort to hide dishonest or illegal actions

1 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

2 rape   

n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸

参考例句：

• The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
• He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。

3 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

4 systematic   

adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的

参考例句：

• The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
• The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。

5 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

6 cleansing   

n. 净化(垃圾) adj. 清洁用的 动词cleanse的现在分词

参考例句：

• medicated cleansing pads for sensitive skin 敏感皮肤药物清洗棉
• Soap is not the only cleansing agent. 肥皂并不是唯一的清洁剂。

7 killings   

谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发

参考例句：

• His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。

8 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

9 eyewitness   

n.目击者，见证人

参考例句：

• The police questioned several eyewitness to the murder.警察询问了谋杀案的几位目击者。
• He was the only eyewitness of the robbery.他是那起抢劫案的唯一目击者。

10 atrocities   

n.邪恶，暴行( atrocity的名词复数 )；滔天大罪

参考例句：

• They were guilty of the most barbarous and inhuman atrocities. 他们犯有最野蛮、最灭绝人性的残暴罪行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The enemy's atrocities made one boil with anger. 敌人的暴行令人发指。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

11 implicate   

vt.使牵连其中，涉嫌

参考例句：

• He didn't find anything in the notebooks to implicate Stu.他在笔记本中没发现任何涉及斯图的东西。
• I do not want to implicate you in my problem of the job.我工作上的问题不想把你也牵扯进来。

12 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

13 salvation   

n.（尤指基督）救世，超度，拯救，解困

参考例句：

• Salvation lay in political reform.解救办法在于政治改革。
• Christians hope and pray for salvation.基督教徒希望并祈祷灵魂得救。

14 inquiry   

n.打听，询问，调查，查问

参考例句：

• Many parents have been pressing for an inquiry into the problem.许多家长迫切要求调查这个问题。
• The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five persons.调查的范围已经缩小到只剩5个人了。

15 whitewash   

v.粉刷，掩饰；n.石灰水，粉刷，掩饰

参考例句：

• They tried hard to whitewash themselves.他们力图粉饰自己。
• What he said was a load of whitewash.他所说的是一大堆粉饰之词。

16 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

17 atrocity   

n.残暴，暴行

参考例句：

• These people are guilty of acts of great atrocity.这些人犯有令人发指的暴行。
• I am shocked by the atrocity of this man's crimes.这个人行凶手段残忍狠毒使我震惊。