一个与众不同的社会企业家团体

13  一个与众不同的社会企业家团体

DATE=3-28-01
TITLE=EXPLORATIONS #1945 - Ashoka
BYLINE=Jill Moss¹

VOICE ONE:
    (start at 0'14") This is Steve Ember.
VOICE TWO:
    And this is Shirley Griffith with the VOA Special English program, (1)EXPLORATIONS. Today we tell about an unusual organization called Ashoka, (2)Innovators for the Public. It (3)supports people who have created new ways to solve social problems.
((THEME))
VOICE ONE:
    (4)Throughout the world there are people who are trying to create new kinds of businesses. They often are called (5)entrepreneurs³. Entrepreneurs are people who organize, build and support their (6)individual business (7)proposals. They may have ideas about new products that the world has never seen. Or, they may have new ways to do (8)business.
VOICE TWO:
    Social entrepreneurs are (9)similar to business entrepreneurs. However, social entrepreneurs try to improve conditions in their communities. They organize, build, and support new and (10)creative programs. Their goal is to (11)improve people's lives. Their work is very important. Usually, social entrepreneurs do not receive much support for their work. Yet one organization recognizes the need for social entrepreneurs and provides important support.
(( MUSIC BRIDGE ))
VOICE ONE:
    Ashoka is a not-for-profit organization based in the United States. The group works⁴ to develop social entrepreneurship⁵ as a (12)profession around the world. Bill Drayton started the organization in Nineteen-Eighty. He believes the most (13)effective way to build social change is to invest⁶ in people who have new and creative ideas. Mister⁷ Drayton says that there is hope that these ideas could be copied internationally.
    Ashoka supports nearly twelve-hundred social entrepreneurs in forty-one countries around the world. The organization provides its (14)members, known as fellows, with money to live for three years. In return, the fellows are asked to give all their time to their work.
    The total (15)payment⁸ a fellow receives depends on the country in which he or she lives. Ashoka officials say there is no set amount. Instead, it tries to make the payment equal to what a leader of a not-for-profit organization in that country would earn. In the United States, for example, the yearly⁹ payment is between forty and fifty-five thousand dollars.
    The organization receives money from (16)wealthy individuals and organizations around the world to support the fellows. It does not take money from the United States (17)government.
VOICE TWO:
    Ashoka (18)links up its fellows with other (19)leading social entrepreneurs around the world. It provides the only international system of social entrepreneurs. Through this group, or network, the fellows are able to spread their ideas and build long-term support.
    Ashoka also works with McKinsey and Company, an (20)organization that (21)assists heads of international companies. The company helps the fellows raise money and develop new skills. McKinsey and Company has worked with Ashoka fellows in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, India, Mexico, Venezuela and South Africa.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE ONE:
    Earlier this month, Ashoka (22)announced its twelve newest fellows. They are all from the United States. This is the first time American social entrepreneurs have joined the organization. Kate Mehr is the (23)spokeswoman for Ashoka. She says the United States program is evidence that social problems are not limited to the (24)developing world.
    Mizz Mehr says Ashoka is(25) simply at a new point in its development. She says the group now wants to bring to the developed world a model of social entrepreneurs that has worked in the developing world.
VOICE TWO:
    Ten of the twelve new Ashoka fellows work on the increasing social problems in the United States. Their projects are aimed at stopping violence against women, (26)reforming American education and legal systems, and improving economic services for the poor.
    For example, Wynona Ward¹⁰ is working with women in Vermont who are (27)victims of (28)violence in their homes. Most of the women live in farming areas. Mizz Ward travels to them in her (29)truck which is her office on wheels. She provides legal advice and emotional¹¹ support for the women. She also helps them become self-supporting if they choose to leave their (30)husbands.
VOICE ONE:
    Another new Ashoka member is J.B. Schramm. He is helping¹² students from poor families in Washington, D.C. get accepted into college. Mister Schramm offers training classes on the college (31)admission¹³ process. He shows students how to improve their test scores and their college (32)entrance papers. When it started in Nineteen-Ninety-Three, Mister Schramm's program helped just four students. Last year, it helped eight-hundred young people with the college admission process.
VOICE TWO:
    D.J Powers is also a new Ashoka member. He is helping bring services such as banks and telephones to poor people in Texas. Mister Powers does this by examining the way industries treat poor people. If the (33)treatment is not fair or (34)legal, Mister Powers makes the information public.
Two out of Ashoka's twelve new fellows are working on social problems outside the United States. David Green, for example, is helping improve the (35)delivery of health care technologies to developing countries. And Paul Rice is helping family farmers around the world earn more money for their products.
VOICE ONE:
    Kate Mehr says Ashoka is currently¹⁴ looking for more social entrepreneurs in Canada and Europe. She says hundreds of fellows continue to do interesting work around the world.
    In India, for example, Jeroo Billimoria has created a twenty-four hour telephone service called Childline for (36)homeless children. During the past two years, Childline has received more than four-hundred-thousand calls from children who live on the streets in (37)Bombay. More than twenty-thousand children have been given direct help. Mizz Billimoria is working to establish Childline in more than one-hundred fifty cities in India and Asia. This project is also being copied in New York City.
VOICE TWO:
    In Brazil, Doctor Vera Cordeiro provides health and education services to children with severe health problems. Her program has spread to eleven hospitals in five different areas of Brazil. Officials are now working to expand the program (38)nationally. Doctor Cordeiro has helped more than eleven-thousand children. Her program has also helped cut the number of children returning to hospitals in Brazil by sixty percent.
VOICE ONE:
    Jecek Strzemieczny became an Ashoka member in Nineteen-Ninety-Seven. He is working to reform local schools in (39)Warsaw, Poland. He does this by asking students to examine their schools and discuss possible reforms. He organizes public speaking events at which local officials, parents and students can discuss reform issues. The program has reached forty-thousand students in one-hundred-fifty cities in Poland.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
    Social (40)entrepreneurs who join Ashoka are very special people. First, they must have a new idea for solving a public need. The candidates¹⁶ must also be creative at both setting¹⁷ goals and solving problems. Second, they must be willing to spend years trying to make their project a success. Third, the candidate¹⁵'s idea must be able to solve an important social problem at the national level, or even internationally. And finally, an Ashoka candidate must be completely honest. He or she needs to be very concerned with serving other people in a fair and (41)honest way.
VOICE ONE:
    Anyone who meets these four conditions can become an Ashoka member. There are no age, education or race limits. Ashoka is always looking for new members. If you know someone who works as a social entrepreneur² in your community or country, you can nominate¹⁸ that person. Send the person's name, address, telephone number and e-mail address to Ashoka. The address is Ashoka, spelled A-S-H-O-K-A, one-thousand-seven-hundred North Moore Street, floor twenty, Arlington, Virginia, two-two-two-oh-nine, U-S-A.
VOICE TWO:
    You must include a short written description of the candidate's project. Again, Ashoka's address is one-thousand-seven-hundred North Moore Street, floor twenty, Arlington, Virginia, two-two-two-oh-nine, U-S-A. You can also get more information from Ashoka's Internet Website. That address is www.ashoka.org.
    The process to become an Ashoka fellow involves several steps. But, Mizz Mehr says the rewards that come from joining the group are worth the time and effort.
(( THEME ))
VOICE ONE:
    This Special English program was written by Jill Moss and produced by Caty Weaver¹⁹. The studio engineer was B. J. Ward. This is Steve Ember.
VOICE TWO:
    And this is Shirley Griffith. Listen again next week for another EXPLORATIONS program on the Voice of America.

(1)       exploration[ 7eksplC:5reiFEn ]n.探险, 踏勘, 探测, [医](伤处等的)探查, 探察术
(2) innovator[`InEJveItE(r)]n.改革者, 革新者
(3) support[ sE5pC:t ]vt.支撑, 扶持, 支持, 支援, 拥护, 维持, n.支撑, 支持
(4) throughout[ Wru(:)5aut ]prep.遍及, 贯穿adv.到处, 始终, 全部
(5) entrepreneur[ 7CntrEprE5nE: ]n.<法>企业家, 主办人
(6) individual[ 7indi5vidjuEl ]n.个人, 个体adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的
(7) proposal[ prE5pEuzEl ]n.提议, 建议
(8) business[ 5biznis ]n.商业, 买卖, 交易, 生意, 事情, 事物, 营业, 商行
(9) similar[ 5similE ]adj.相似的, 类似的
(10) creative[ kri(:)5eitiv ]adj.创造性的
(11) improve[ im5pru:v ]v.改善, 改进
(12) profession[ prE5feFEn ]n.职业, 专业, 表白, 宣布
(13) effective[ i5fektiv ]adj.有效的, 被实施的, 给人深刻印象, 有生力量
(14) member[ 5membE ]n.成员, 会员, 议员, (人或动, 植物的)一部分, [语]子句, 成分
(15) payment[ 5peimEnt ]n.付款, 支付, 报酬, 偿还, 报应, 惩罚
(16) wealthy[ 5welWi ]adj.富有的, 丰裕的, 充分的n.富人, 有钱人
(17) government[ 5^QvEnmEnt ]n.政府, <英>内阁, 政治, 政体
(18) link [ liNk ]n.链环, 连结物, 火把, 链接vt.连结, 联合, 挽vi.连接起来
(19) leading[ 5li:diN ]adj.领导的, 第一位的, 最主要的
(20) organization[ 7C:^Enai5zeiFEn ]n.组织, 机构, 团体
(21) assist[ E5sist ]v.援助, 帮助
(22) announce[ E5nauns ]vt.宣布, 通告
(23) spokeswoman[ 5spEuks7wumEn ]n.女发言人,女代言人
(24) developing[ di5velEpiN ]adj.发展中的
(25) simply[ 5simpli ]adv.简单地, 完全, 简直, 仅仅, 只不过, 朴素地, 只是
(26) reforming[ ri5fC:miN ]v.重整
(27) victim[ 5viktim ]n.受害人, 牺牲者, 牺牲品
(28) violence[ 5vaiElEns ]n.猛烈, 强烈, 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行, 强暴
 
(30) husband[ 5hQzbEnd ]n.丈夫
(31) admission[ Ed5miFEn ]n.允许进入, 承认某事之陈述, 供认
(32) entrance[ in5trB:ns ]n.入口, 门口, 进入
(33) treatment[ 5tri:tmEnt ]n.待遇, 对待, 处理, 治疗
(34) legal[ 5li:^El ]adj.法律的, 法定的, 合法
(35) delivery[ di5livEri ]n.递送, 交付, 分娩, 交货, 引渡n.[律] 财产等的正式移交,传输
(36) homeless[5hEJmlIs]adj.无家的, 无家可归的
(37) Bombay[ bCm5bei ]n.孟买(印度西部的一个邦,首府为孟买城)
(38) nationally[ `nAFEnElI ]adv.全国性, 举国一致
(39) Warsaw[ `wR:sR: ]n.华沙(波兰首都),华沙省(波兰省名)
(40) entrepreneur[ 7CntrEprE5nE: ]n.<法>企业家, 主办人
(41) honest[ 5Cnist ]adj.诚实的, 正直的

1 moss   

n.苔，藓，地衣

参考例句：

• Moss grows on a rock.苔藓生在石头上。
• He was found asleep on a pillow of leaves and moss.有人看见他枕着树叶和苔藓睡着了。

2 entrepreneur   

n.企业家，主办人

参考例句：

• The entrepreneur has become a news figure.这位企业家变成了新闻人物。
• The entrepreneur takes business risks in the hope of making a profit.企业家为追求利润而冒险。

3 entrepreneurs   

企业家( entrepreneur的名词复数 )； 主办人

参考例句：

• He is one of the entrepreneurs of the concert. 他是这场音乐会的主办人之一。
• Entrepreneurs are free to develop their businesses. 企业家们可以任意发展自己的企业。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件

4 works   

n.作品，著作；工厂，活动部件，机件

参考例句：

• We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
• The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。

5 entrepreneurship   

企业家身份

参考例句：

• Spawr indeed personified American ingenuity, self-reliance, initiative and entrepreneurship. 斯帕尔看不上机构重叠和清规戒律，表现出美国人的机敏，有着独立、首创精神和企业家的风度。
• He provides evidence that n-achievement is highly correlated with entrepreneurship. 他提供的材料表明“n--成就”与企业家精神高度相关。

6 invest   

v.投资；投入(时间等)；授予，赋予

参考例句：

• I have decided to invest in a new car.我已经决定买一辆新汽车。
• The best time to invest is now.现在是投资的最佳时机。

7 mister   

n.(略作Mr.全称很少用于书面)先生

参考例句：

• Mister Smith is my good friend.史密斯先生是我的好朋友。
• He styled himself " Mister Clean ".他自称是“清廉先生”。

8 payment   

n.付款，支付，偿还，偿还，报应

参考例句：

• I gave ten pounds in payment for the goods I bought.我买那些东西付了10英镑。
• This last payment will wipe out your debt to me.这最后一笔付款将了结你欠我的债务。

9 yearly   

adj.每年的，一年一度的；adv.一年一次地

参考例句：

• The flower show is a yearly event in our town.我们镇上的花展一年举行一次。
• The yearly rental of her house is 2400 yuan.她这房子年租金是2400元。

10 ward   

n.守卫，监护，病房，行政区，由监护人或法院保护的人（尤指儿童）；vt.守护，躲开

参考例句：

• The hospital has a medical ward and a surgical ward.这家医院有内科病房和外科病房。
• During the evening picnic,I'll carry a torch to ward off the bugs.傍晚野餐时，我要点根火把，抵挡蚊虫。

11 emotional   

adj.令人动情的；易动感情的；感情(上)的

参考例句：

• Emotional people don't stop to calculate.感情容易冲动的人做事往往不加考虑。
• This is an emotional scene in the play.这是剧中动人的一幕。

12 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

13 admission   

n.允许进入；承认；入场费，入会费，入场券

参考例句：

• We attached a condition to his admission to our school.我们对准许他入校附加了一个条件。
• By her own admission,she was responsible for the accident.她自己承认，事故应该由她负责。

14 currently   

adv.通常地，普遍地，当前

参考例句：

• Currently it is not possible to reconcile this conflicting evidence.当前还未有可能去解释这一矛盾的例证。
• Our contracts are currently under review.我们的合同正在复查。

15 candidate   

n.候选人；候补者；投考者，申请求职者

参考例句：

• Voters like a candidate who has the common touch. 投票者喜欢那些平易近人的候选人。
• The local newspapers dressed up the candidate as a boxer.当地报纸把那个候选人描绘成一个拳击手。

16 candidates   

n.报考者( candidate的名词复数 )；申请求职者；攻读学位者；最后命运或结局如何已显然可见者

参考例句：

• Employers must consider all candidates impartially and without bias. 雇主必须公平而毫无成见地考虑所有求职者。
• one of the leading candidates for the presidency 总统职位的主要候选人之一

17 setting   

n.背景

参考例句：

• The play has its setting in Vienna.该剧以维也纳为背景。
• Where and when a story takes place is called the setting.故事发生的地点和时间称为故事背景。

18 nominate   

vt.提名，推荐，任命

参考例句：

• I nominate Tom to make the tea.我指派汤姆去沏茶。
• The EU would nominate two members to the committee.欧盟将为该委员会指定两名成员。

19 weaver   

n.织布工；编织者

参考例句：

• She was a fast weaver and the cloth was very good.她织布织得很快，而且布的质量很好。
• The eager weaver did not notice my confusion.热心的纺织工人没有注意到我的狼狈相。