New Broccoli Study

                       21 只有部分椰菜可以预防癌症

DATE=3-15-01
TITLE=SCIENCE REPORT - New Broccoli¹ Study
BYLINE=George Grow

(Start at 58")This is the VOA Special English SCIENCE REPORT.
The vegetable (1)broccoli has a natural (2)substance that may prevent some kinds of (3)cancer. Recently, American scientists reported that not all broccoli is equal in fighting cancer. The scientists examined many different kinds of broccoli plants. They attempted to activate² an (4)enzyme in the plants that may protect against some cancers.
The scientists discovered major differences among the broccoli tested. Some plants had very little of the cancer-fighting substance. Other plants had large amounts of the substance. The Journal³ of the American Society for (5)Horticultural Science published the findings⁴.
Earlier studies have shown that people who eat (6)vegetables like broccoli have lower rates of colon⁵ and rectal cancers. Broccoli plants and young (7)seedlings have a chemical called glucoraphanin. They also contain a product of the chemical, called sulforaphane. Sulforaphane causes the production of enzymes⁶ that slow the growth of cancer tumors in laboratory⁷ animals.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins University in (8)Baltimore, Maryland discovered the cancer-fighting agent in broccoli nine years ago. Johns Hopkins scientists joined with the United States Agricultural Research Service to (9)organize the new study. A few years ago, the Research Service's Vegetable Laboratory in Charleston, South Carolina grew more than seventy kinds of broccoli. The scientists then examined the chemicals in each plant.
They observed (10)extreme differences in glucoraphanin levels and the activity of enzymes in the broccoli tested. Some kinds of broccoli had very small amounts of the chemical. However, others had levels about thirty times greater.
Scientists want to learn more about the different levels of glucoraphanin and sulforaphane in broccoli plants. They hope the research will help them develop new kinds of broccoli with greater levels of the (11)protective substances. They say eating such improved broccoli might result in more effective, natural (12)defenses against cancer.
American doctors say eating fruits and vegetables, including broccoli, is important for health. The National Cancer (13)Institute says people should eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables every day.
This VOA Special English SCIENCE REPORT was written by George Grow.

(1) broccoli[ 5brCkEli ]n.椰菜
(2) substance[ 5sQbstEns ]n.物质, 实质, 主旨
(3) cancer[ 5kAnsE ]n.癌, 毒瘤
(4) enzyme[5enzaIm]n.[生化]酶
(5) horticultural[ 7hC:ti5kQltFErEl ]adj.园艺的
(6) vegetable[ 5vedVitEbl ]n.蔬菜, 植物, 生活呆板单调的人adj.蔬菜的, 植物的
(7) seedling[ 5si:dliN ]n.秧苗, 树苗
(8) Baltimore[ 5bC:ltimC: ]n.巴尔的摩, 美国马里兰州的一城市
(9) organize[ 5C:^Enaiz ]vt.组织, 使有机化, 给予生机vi.组织起来
(10) extreme[ iks5tri:m ]adj.尽头的, 极端的, 极度的, 偏激的, 最后的n.极端, 极端的事物
(11) protective[ prE5tektiv ]adj.给予保护的, 保护的
(12) defense[ di5fens ]n.(D-)(美国)国防部, 防卫, 防卫物vt.谋划抵御
(13) institute[ 5institju:t ]n.学会, 学院, 协会vt.创立, 开始, 制定, 开始(调查), 提起(诉讼)

1 broccoli   

n.绿菜花，花椰菜

参考例句：

• She grew all the broccoli plants from seed.这些花椰菜都是她用种子培育出来的。
• They think broccoli is only green and cauliflower is only white.他们认为西兰花只有绿色的，而菜花都是白色的。

2 activate   

vt.使活动起来，使开始起作用

参考例句：

• We must activate the youth to study.我们要激励青年去学习。
• These push buttons can activate the elevator.这些按钮能启动电梯。

3 journal   

n.日志，日记；议事录；日记帐；杂志，定期刊物

参考例句：

• He kept a journal during his visit to Japan.他在访问日本期间坚持记日记。
• He got a job as editor of a trade journal.他找到了一份当商业杂志编辑的工作。

4 findings   

n.发现物( finding的名词复数 )；调查（或研究）的结果；（陪审团的）裁决

参考例句：

• It behoves us to study these findings carefully. 我们理应认真研究这些发现。
• Their findings have been widely disseminated . 他们的研究成果已经广为传播。

5 colon   

n.冒号，结肠，直肠

参考例句：

• Here,too,the colon must be followed by a dash.这里也是一样，应当在冒号后加破折号。
• The colon is the locus of a large concentration of bacteria.结肠是大浓度的细菌所在地。

6 enzymes   

n. 酶，酵素

参考例句：

• It was said that washing powders containing enzymes remove stains more efficiently. 据说加酶洗衣粉除污更有效。
• Among the enzymes which are particularly effective are pepsin, papain. 在酶当中特别有效的是胃朊酶、木瓜酶。

7 laboratory   

n.实验室，化验室

参考例句：

• She has donated money to establish a laboratory.她捐款成立了一个实验室。
• Our laboratory equipment isn't perfect,but we must make do.实验室设备是不够理想，但我们只好因陋就简。