VOA常速英语2014--灾区设新式智能卫生间防止水污染

 

New Smart Toilet to Prevent Water Pollution in Disaster Areas 灾区设新式智能卫生间防止水污染

WASHINGTON —

The destruction of sanitary¹ systems by war or natural disasters can aggravate² the initial tragedy, causing disease and prolonged risk of death among survivors³. Very often after a disaster, survivors dig holes in the ground that serve as makeshift toilets. Pathogens from the human waste can reach sources of water and cause outbreaks of cholera⁴ and other diseases. A United Nations team is now developing a smart toilet for disaster areas, designed to protect the sanitation⁵ chain and prevent water pollution.

华盛顿 — 受到战争或自然灾害破坏的卫生系统会加剧自发性惨案的发生，使得幸存者感染疾病及增加死亡风险。通常灾难过后，幸存者会在地面挖洞当作临时卫生间。人类排泄物中的病原菌可以感染水源并引起霍乱和其他疾病的爆发。联合国的一个团队目前正在开发一种灾区用的智能卫生间，用来保护环境卫生链并防止水污染。

The experimental project, called eSOS, is lightweight and runs on solar power. Damir Brdjanovic and his team of scientists at UNESCO's Institute for Water Education in the Netherlands say it is designed to bring disaster relief into the 21st century.

这个实验项目被称为eSOS，重量轻便，使用的是太阳能。达米尔·布加诺维科和他的科学家团队在位于荷兰的联合国教科文组织水教育研究所谈到，这个项目是要设计出适合21世纪的灾难援助方式。

"The eSOS, which stands for Emergency Sanitation Operation System, is a holistic⁶ approach to the emergency sanitation. It involves several components⁷ - eSOS smart toilet, smart transport, and dislodging of each toilet unit, and centralized treatment of feces and urine and the safe disposal of materials, like dry sludge, which is pathogen-free, and the clean water which can be reused further in the system," said Brdjanovic.

卫生工程学教授达米尔·布加诺维科博士说： “eSOS全称为紧急卫生操作系统，可以全方位应对紧急卫生状况。它包含几个部分：eSOS智能卫生间、智能运输、可移除卫生间设备、排泄物集中处理、无菌物质如干污泥的无害化、以及可循环利用的净水。”

The lightweight system is easily transported to disaster zones, but what makes it unique is that it's designed to deal with the entire emergency sanitation chain and minimize the threat to public health.

这种轻巧的系统便于运输到灾区。而使它与众不同的是它被设计用来应对整条紧急卫生链并减少公共卫生面临的威胁。

The eSOS system contains “smart” features, such as an energy supply unit, a GPS sensor⁸, and a monitor that keeps track of waste accumulation. All of this data from the toilet system can be transferred to an emergency co-ordination center so that officials can better determine the needs of an affected⁹ area. It also can re-cycle urine into irrigation water with the help of membrane¹⁰ bio-reactors.

eSOS系统的智能机制包括如能量供给单元、GPS传感器和一个监视器来保证排泄物的累积。所有这些来自卫生系统的数据都会被转送到应急协调中心，以便于官员更好的决策这些受影响地区的需求。它还可以利用膜生物反应器实现尿液和灌溉水的再循环。

"We can treat all liquid waste, coming from the sludge treatment and from urine, into membrane bio-reactors. It's a novel technology which will treat liquid part to the level that you can even at the end, with some disinfection, have re-use of water for either toilet use or irrigation, horticulture, or any other purpose that you can imagine in a refugee camp," said Brdjanovic.

布加诺维科博士说： “我们可以把所有来自污泥处理和尿液的液体垃圾引入膜生物反应器。这种新型科技对液体垃圾进行消毒，最终转化为可平衡分配的再利用水，用于卫生间、灌溉、园艺或其他难民营需要的地方。”

The toilet is still in the testing phase and will be deployed¹¹ at a camp for disaster victims in the Philippines later this year. Its developers hope this smart disaster relief will save lives and the dignity of refugees.

这种卫生间仍处于测试阶段。今年下半年将会被配置到菲律宾灾区幸存者营地。它的开发者希望这种智能赈灾设备可以帮助拯救生命和维护难民的生活尊严。

1 sanitary   

adj.卫生方面的，卫生的，清洁的，卫生的

参考例句：

• It's not sanitary to let flies come near food.让苍蝇接近食物是不卫生的。
• The sanitary conditions in this restaurant are abominable.这家饭馆的卫生状况糟透了。

2 aggravate   

vt.加重(剧)，使恶化；激怒，使恼火

参考例句：

• Threats will only aggravate her.恐吓只能激怒她。
• He would only aggravate the injury by rubbing it.他揉擦伤口只会使伤势加重。

3 survivors   

幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The survivors were adrift in a lifeboat for six days. 幸存者在救生艇上漂流了六天。
• survivors clinging to a raft 紧紧抓住救生筏的幸存者

4 cholera   

n.霍乱

参考例句：

• The cholera outbreak has been contained.霍乱的发生已被控制住了。
• Cholera spread like wildfire through the camps.霍乱在营地里迅速传播。

5 sanitation   

n.公共卫生，环境卫生，卫生设备

参考例句：

• The location is exceptionally poor,viewed from the sanitation point.从卫生角度来看，这个地段非常糟糕。
• Many illnesses are the result,f inadequate sanitation.许多疾病都来源于不健全的卫生设施。

6 holistic   

adj.从整体着眼的，全面的

参考例句：

• There is a fundamental ambiguity in the use of word "whole" in recent holistic literature.在近代的整体主义著作中，“整体”这个词的用法极其含混。
• In so far as historicism is technological,its approach is not piecemeal,but "holistic".仅就历史决定论是一种技术而论，它的方法不是渐进的，而是“整体主义的”。

7 components   

（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分

参考例句：

• the components of a machine 机器部件
• Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。

8 sensor   

n.传感器，探测设备，感觉器（官）

参考例句：

• The temperature sensor is enclosed in a protective well.温度传感器密封在保护套管中。
• He plugged the sensor into a outlet.他把传感器插进电源插座。

9 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

10 membrane   

n.薄膜，膜皮，羊皮纸

参考例句：

• A vibrating membrane in the ear helps to convey sounds to the brain.耳膜的振动帮助声音传送到大脑。
• A plastic membrane serves as selective diffusion barrier.一层塑料薄膜起着选择性渗透屏障的作用。

11 deployed   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
• The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。