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VOA常速英语2019--阿富汗和巴基斯坦根除不了骨髓灰质炎

时间:2019-09-19 23:57来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

Administering the polio vaccine1 is a simple procedure, but in partsof the world, vaccinators risk their lives to protect children from lifelongparalysis.

接种脊髓灰质炎疫苗是个简单的程序,但世界上有些地方,疫苗接种者冒着生命危险来保护儿童,以防终身瘫痪。

Earlier this year, vaccinations3 stopped during a tribal4 protest inPakistan, polio workers were attacked, harassed5 and killed after anti-vaccinerumors spread on social media and as a result the number of polio casesincreased. Yet despite the dangers, many workers persist in their efforts toend polio. It mostly affects children 5 and under. And since 1988, when theglobal effort to eradicate6 polio started, the number of cases has declined by99.9%. In 2018, only two countries Pakistan and Afghanistan reported cases ofthe wild polio virus.

今年早些时候,巴基斯坦部落抗议停止疫苗接种,反疫苗的谣言在社交媒体上大肆传播,脊髓灰质炎工作人员遭到攻击、骚扰和杀害,最后,得脊髓灰质炎的人数量增加。然而,尽管有危险,许多工人仍坚持努力消灭脊髓灰质炎。它主要影响五岁及五岁以下儿童。自1988年全球根除脊髓灰质炎的努力开始,病例数下降99.9%。2018年,只有巴基斯坦和阿富汗报告了野生脊髓灰质炎病毒病例。

In Pakistan and Afghanistan, clean water is hard to come by, makingit harder to eradicate the virus. It spreads through tainted7 water and becauseof poor hygiene8. That two samples are telling us that there is a polio virusaround that’s a danger sign, that is a red line, and it can only becircumvented when we are giving polio drops to everybody around.

在巴基斯坦和阿富汗,干净的水很难获取,使得根除病毒更加困难。由于不卫生,它通过受污染的水传播。那两个国家的样本告诉我们周围有脊髓灰质炎病毒,这是个危险信号,这是条红线,只有当我们给周围每个人注射脊髓灰质炎疫苗后,它才能被绕过。

To prevent children from getting polio, they need to be vaccinatedand revaccinated especially where there’s poor sanitation10. In thoseenvironments with frequent infections, about 15 times doses is what isconsidered adequate. One of the problems in Pakistan and Afghanistan is gettingto the children. Many families migrate back and forth11 between the countries,making it hard to vaccinate9 every single child.

为了防止儿童感染脊髓灰质炎,他们需要接种疫苗,尤其是在卫生条件差的地方需要复种。在那些频繁感染的环境中,大约15倍的剂量就足够。巴基斯坦和阿富汗的问题之一是涉及到儿童。许多家庭在这些国家之间来回搬家,所以很难给每个孩子接种疫苗。

The virus was in one country and both countries need to worktogether and they’re increasingly doing that, and sharing data and coordinatingdates for vaccination2 campaigns and sharing surveillance data and all of thatis having is having an impact. The goal is to end transmission of the wildpolio virus.

病毒在一个国家,并且两国需要合作,而且他们正在越来越多地这样做,共享数据,协调疫苗接种活动的日期,共享监测数据,所有这些都产生了影响。目标是结束野生脊髓灰质炎病毒的传播。

There’s no set end date but getting to the end is essential. Unlessyou get to zero cases because it’s such a contagious12 disease and an epidemicprone disease we run the risk that it will spread again globally. Success is byno means assured, but the Global Polio Eradication13 Initiative intends tocontinue its campaign until no child ever again gets polio.

没有固定结束日期,但到达目标至关重要。 除非没有病例,因为这是一种传染性疾病,是一种容易流行的疾病,我们面临着它将再次进行全球传播的风险。虽然不能确保成功,但全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动计划打算继续持续下去,直到不再有儿童患脊髓灰质炎。


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1 vaccine Ki1wv     
n.牛痘苗,疫苗;adj.牛痘的,疫苗的
参考例句:
  • The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
  • She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。
2 vaccination bKGzM     
n.接种疫苗,种痘
参考例句:
  • Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
  • Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。
3 vaccinations ed61d339e2970fa63aee4b5ce757cc44     
n.种痘,接种( vaccination的名词复数 );牛痘疤
参考例句:
  • Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时,我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 tribal ifwzzw     
adj.部族的,种族的
参考例句:
  • He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
  • The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。
5 harassed 50b529f688471b862d0991a96b6a1e55     
adj. 疲倦的,厌烦的 动词harass的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He has complained of being harassed by the police. 他投诉受到警方侵扰。
  • harassed mothers with their children 带着孩子的疲惫不堪的母亲们
6 eradicate Ui1zn     
v.根除,消灭,杜绝
参考例句:
  • These insects are very difficult to eradicate.这些昆虫很难根除。
  • They are already battling to eradicate illnesses such as malaria and tetanus.他们已经在努力消灭疟疾、破伤风等疾病。
7 tainted qgDzqS     
adj.腐坏的;污染的;沾污的;感染的v.使变质( taint的过去式和过去分词 );使污染;败坏;被污染,腐坏,败坏
参考例句:
  • The administration was tainted with scandal. 丑闻使得政府声名狼藉。
  • He was considered tainted by association with the corrupt regime. 他因与腐败政府有牵连而名誉受损。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 hygiene Kchzr     
n.健康法,卫生学 (a.hygienic)
参考例句:
  • Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
  • He's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。
9 vaccinate Iikww     
vt.给…接种疫苗;种牛痘
参考例句:
  • Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样,当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
  • Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。
10 sanitation GYgxE     
n.公共卫生,环境卫生,卫生设备
参考例句:
  • The location is exceptionally poor,viewed from the sanitation point.从卫生角度来看,这个地段非常糟糕。
  • Many illnesses are the result,f inadequate sanitation.许多疾病都来源于不健全的卫生设施。
11 forth Hzdz2     
adv.向前;向外,往外
参考例句:
  • The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
  • He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。
12 contagious TZ0yl     
adj.传染性的,有感染力的
参考例句:
  • It's a highly contagious infection.这种病极易传染。
  • He's got a contagious laugh.他的笑富有感染力。
13 eradication otUzfH     
n.根除
参考例句:
  • The eradication of an established infestation is not easy. 根除昆虫蔓延是不容易的。
  • This is often required for intelligent control and eradication. 这经常需要灵巧的控制与消除。
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