S&P puts 15 euro zone nations on negative watch

 　　NEW YORK, Dec. 5 (Xinhua) -- Standard and Poor's put 15 eurozone nations, including the area's six AAA rated countries, on "CreditWatch negative" on Monday due to deepening economic and political turmoil¹ in the region, meaning there is 50 percent chance for these countries to be downgraded with the next 90 days.

　　In its latest statement, S&P said "the CreditWatch placements are prompted by our belief that systemic stresses in the eurozone have risen in recent weeks to the extent that they now put downward pressure on the credit standing² of the eurozone as a whole."

　　These systemic stresses, according to the rating agency, stem from tightening³ credit conditions, higher risk premiums⁴, continuing disagreements among European policy makers⁵, high levels of government and household indebtedness and rising risk of economic recession.

　　According to the S&P, their credit ratings may be cut depending on the result of the key EU summit on Dec. 9.

　　Meanwhile, S&P maintained its negative outlook for Cyprus, and Greece wasn't put on "CreditWatch." The firm also said that ratings could be cut by one notch⁶ for Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, Netherlands and Luxembourg, and by up to two notches⁷ for the other governments.

　　S&P's move came as investors⁸ cheered the Franco-German plan to rewrite the EU constitution for more central control of euro zone budgets.

　　French President Nicolas Sarkozy and German Chancellor⁹ Angela Merkel met on Monday in Paris, trying to reach common ground on measures to boost coercive budget discipline in the region.

　　In a joint¹⁰ press conference after the meeting, Merkel and Sarkozy said that Europe's two biggest economies were aligned¹¹ on backing automatic penalties for deficit¹² violators and locking limits on debt into euro states' constitutions.

1 turmoil   

n.骚乱，混乱，动乱

参考例句：

• His mind was in such a turmoil that he couldn't get to sleep.内心的纷扰使他无法入睡。
• The robbery put the village in a turmoil.抢劫使全村陷入混乱。

2 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

3 tightening   

上紧，固定，紧密

参考例句：

• Make sure the washer is firmly seated before tightening the pipe. 旋紧水管之前，检查一下洗衣机是否已牢牢地固定在底座上了。
• It needs tightening up a little. 它还需要再收紧些。

4 premiums   

n.费用( premium的名词复数 )；保险费；额外费用；（商品定价、贷款利息等以外的）加价

参考例句：

• He paid premiums on his life insurance last year. 他去年付了人寿保险费。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• Moves are afoot to increase car insurance premiums. 现正在酝酿提高汽车的保险费。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 notch   

n.(V字形)槽口，缺口，等级

参考例句：

• The peanuts they grow are top-notch.他们种的花生是拔尖的。
• He cut a notch in the stick with a sharp knife.他用利刃在棒上刻了一个凹痕。

7 notches   

n.（边缘或表面上的）V型痕迹( notch的名词复数 )；刻痕；水平；等级

参考例句：

• The Indians cut notches on a stick to keep count of numbers. 印第安人在棒上刻V形凹痕用来计数。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• They cut notches in the handle of their pistol for each man they shot. 他们每杀一个人就在枪托上刻下一个V形记号。 来自辞典例句

8 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

9 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

10 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

11 aligned   

adj.对齐的，均衡的

参考例句：

• Make sure the shelf is aligned with the top of the cupboard.务必使搁架与橱柜顶端对齐。

12 deficit   

n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差

参考例句：

• The directors have reported a deficit of 2.5 million dollars.董事们报告赤字为250万美元。
• We have a great deficit this year.我们今年有很大亏损。