世卫宣布埃博拉疫苗试验成功

 　　GENEVA—Researchers said an experimental Ebola vaccine¹ has shown to be "highly effective" at preventing the deadly disease.

　　The World Health Organization said Friday that the vaccine has so far been 100 percent effective in trials conducted in Guinea. The British medical journal Lancet has published preliminary results and analyses.

　　The new vaccine "may be the silver bullet against Ebola," said B?rge Brende, the foreign minister of Norway, one of several countries involved in the trials.

　　The Ebola outbreak that swept through West Africa last year has killed more than 11,000 people, most of them in Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone.

　　WHO: Ebola Vaccine Promising²

　　Ebola is one of a number of highly dangerous viruses known as hemorrhagic fevers. There are hopes the new vaccine may be a breakthrough in combating all such diseases.

　　The vaccine, known as VSV-EBOV, was tested beginning in March on more than 4,000 people in Guinea who had come into close contact with the Ebola virus.

　　Initial results were so promising that random³ trials were stopped this week so everyone at risk could receive the vaccine immediately, WHO said.

　　“These are the first results. ... They need to be further looked into and we need to still collect more data on the vaccine, " noted⁴ John-Arne R?ttingen, director of the Division of Infectious Disease Control at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, which conducted clinical trials of the vaccine in Guinea.

　　"There is no licensed⁶ vaccine we are looking at at this time. So that means the best way we can secure continued access to the vaccine in Guinea is to continue the trial," he told VOA. "That would both give us the opportunity to collect more evidence, but it will also give access to those of highest risk of Ebola in Guinea.”

　　'Game changer'

　　Margaret Chan, WHO's general director, told reporters in Geneva that scientists, doctors, donors⁷ and drug companies collaborated⁸ in development of the vaccine.

　　"If proven effective, this is going to be a game changer, and it will change the management of the current Ebola outbreak and future outbreaks," Chan said at a news conference.

　　Because of the shifting nature of the epidemic⁹ and a sharp drop in the number of new Ebola cases in Africa in the past few months, researchers switched their tactics as they began the drug trial.

　　What had been a generalized outbreak expanding extremely rapidly last year switched to a series of sudden, small outbreaks across the region.

　　The “gold standard” for testing a new drug would call for vaccinating¹⁰ half of a population at risk of contracting Ebola, while giving other people in the virus zone a placebo¹¹.

　　Instead, the team working on the new vaccine used a “ring” design.

　　When a first Ebola case occurred in a village, researchers vaccinated¹² everyone in contact with the sick person.

　　Such "rings" of vaccination¹³ took place either immediately after an Ebola infection was confirmed or three weeks later, according to the researchers' random assignments.

　　Vaccinations¹⁴

　　Of 2,014 people vaccinated immediately, no one had contracted Ebola when tested 10 days after receiving the new drug. In the clusters where people were vaccinated three weeks later – 2,380 people – 16 people contracted the virus.

　　Trial data will now go to regulatory agencies to obtain a license⁵ for the vaccine which will allow it to be developed in bulk for future Ebola epidemics¹⁵.

　　There have been a total of 27,748 cases of Ebola in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, with 11,279 reported deaths. The outcome of many cases is not yet known, however, and the eventual¹⁶ full toll¹⁷ like will be significantly higher.

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

3 random   

adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动

参考例句：

• The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
• On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。

4 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

5 license   

n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许

参考例句：

• The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
• The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。

6 licensed   

adj.得到许可的v.许可，颁发执照(license的过去式和过去分词)

参考例句：

• The new drug has not yet been licensed in the US. 这种新药尚未在美国获得许可。
• Is that gun licensed? 那支枪有持枪执照吗？

7 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 collaborated   

合作( collaborate的过去式和过去分词 )； 勾结叛国

参考例句：

• We have collaborated on many projects over the years. 这些年来我们合作搞了许多项目。
• We have collaborated closely with the university on this project. 我们与大学在这个专案上紧密合作。

9 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

10 vaccinating   

给…接种疫苗( vaccinate的现在分词 )； 注射疫苗，接种疫苗

参考例句：

• At first blush, vaccinating the wolves against rabies seems a simple solution. 乍一看来，为狼群注射防狂犬病疫苗是一种简单的办法。
• Also vaccinating children against misers (measles) has saved many lives. 还有，给儿童进行疫苗接种防止麻疹也挽救了许多生命。

11 placebo   

n.安慰剂；宽慰话

参考例句：

• The placebo has been found to work with a lot of different cases.人们已发现安慰剂能在很多不同的病例中发挥作用。
• The placebo effect refers to all the observable behaviors caused by placebo.安慰剂效应是指由安慰剂所引起的可观察的行为。

12 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

13 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

14 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

15 epidemics   

n．流行病

参考例句：

• Reliance upon natural epidemics may be both time-consuming and misleading. 依靠天然的流行既浪费时间，又会引入歧途。
• The antibiotic epidemics usually start stop when the summer rainy season begins. 传染病通常会在夏天的雨季停止传播。

16 eventual   

adj.最后的，结局的，最终的

参考例句：

• Several schools face eventual closure.几所学校面临最终关闭。
• Both parties expressed optimism about an eventual solution.双方对问题的最终解决都表示乐观。

17 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。