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2020年经济学人 前美联储主席保罗·沃尔克(4)

时间:2020-02-12 07:26来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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In his time as a Treasury1 official in the 1960s he had laboured to maintain the Bretton Woods agreement of 1944, which had built an international monetary2 system round pegging3 the dollar to gold at $35 an ounce. When this began to founder4 he went along with a temporary suspension and then, in 1973, with decisive decoupling, but longed for some system of fixed5 exchange rates.

在20世纪60年代作为财政部官员时,保罗·沃尔克曾努力维护1944年的《布雷顿森林协定》。它建立了一个国际货币体系,将美元与黄金的汇率固定在每盎司35美元。当它开始失败时,保罗选择暂时暂停它,然后在1973年,他决心让美元与黄金分离,希望建立某种固定汇率制度。

Instead, the dollar was allowed to float. To him floating exchange rates were fundamentally dangerous, an open invitation to countries to manipulate their currencies— and so inherently unstable6 that they undermined the stability of governments, too. It was probably his wartime adolescence7 that made him yearn8 for such a rules-based world. But in so far as he managed to impose rules himself, they were a success. After 1983 the economy mostly grew without inflation and political leaders, by and large, learned to defer9 to the central bank on monetary policy.

相反,允许美元浮动。对他来说,浮动汇率制非常危险,这就是公开邀请其他国家操纵它们的货币,其内在的不稳定性也会破坏政府的稳定。保罗·沃尔克青春期时发生了战争,这可能是他渴望一个以规则为基础的世界的原因。但是就他自己强加的规则而言,它们是成功的。1983年后,经济大多数时候在没有通货膨胀的情况下取得增长,而且,总的来说, 政治领袖都学着在货币政策上听从中央银行的意见。

前美联储主席保罗·沃尔克(4).pngWhat worried him more as the years passed was a growing lack of trust in and respect for institutions in general, from the Supreme10 Court to Congress to the presidency11. America sometimes seemed to be in a mess in every direction. Every direction, that was, except the coast of Florida, where he might get a big plump tarpon on his line, or the sparkling, ever-beckoning salmon12 rivers of Maine.

随着时间推移,使他更担心的是,人们对机构的信任和尊重越来越少,从最高法院到国会,再到总统。有时美国在每个方向上都一团糟。 每个方向,除了佛罗里达的海岸,在那里,他可以钓到又大又肥的大海鲢,也可以钓到缅因州波光粼粼、永远诱人的河里的鲑鱼。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 treasury 7GeyP     
n.宝库;国库,金库;文库
参考例句:
  • The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
  • This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。
2 monetary pEkxb     
adj.货币的,钱的;通货的;金融的;财政的
参考例句:
  • The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
  • Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。
3 pegging e0267dc579cdee0424847f2cd6cd6cb6     
n.外汇钉住,固定证券价格v.用夹子或钉子固定( peg的现在分词 );使固定在某水平
参考例句:
  • To write a novel,one must keep pegging away at it consistently. 要写小说,必须不断辛勤劳动。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • She was pegging the clothes out on the line to dry. 她正在把衣服夹在晒衣绳上晾干。 来自辞典例句
4 Founder wigxF     
n.创始者,缔造者
参考例句:
  • He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
  • According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说,罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。
5 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
6 unstable Ijgwa     
adj.不稳定的,易变的
参考例句:
  • This bookcase is too unstable to hold so many books.这书橱很不结实,装不了这么多书。
  • The patient's condition was unstable.那患者的病情不稳定。
7 adolescence CyXzY     
n.青春期,青少年
参考例句:
  • Adolescence is the process of going from childhood to maturity.青春期是从少年到成年的过渡期。
  • The film is about the trials and tribulations of adolescence.这部电影讲述了青春期的麻烦和苦恼。
8 yearn nMjzN     
v.想念;怀念;渴望
参考例句:
  • We yearn to surrender our entire being.我们渴望着放纵我们整个的生命。
  • Many people living in big cities yearn for an idyllic country life.现在的很多都市人向往那种田园化的生活。
9 defer KnYzZ     
vt.推迟,拖延;vi.(to)遵从,听从,服从
参考例句:
  • We wish to defer our decision until next week.我们希望推迟到下星期再作出决定。
  • We will defer to whatever the committee decides.我们遵从委员会作出的任何决定。
10 supreme PHqzc     
adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的
参考例句:
  • It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
  • He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
11 presidency J1HzD     
n.总统(校长,总经理)的职位(任期)
参考例句:
  • Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
  • Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。
12 salmon pClzB     
n.鲑,大马哈鱼,橙红色的
参考例句:
  • We saw a salmon jumping in the waterfall there.我们看见一条大马哈鱼在那边瀑布中跳跃。
  • Do you have any fresh salmon in at the moment?现在有新鲜大马哈鱼卖吗?
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TAG标签:   2020年听力  经济学人
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