2020年经济学人 一周要闻 美国多州宣布毒品合法化 拜登继续领先优势 维也纳发生恐袭

The world this week

本周国际要闻

Politics

政治

America’s presidential election was closer than the polls had suggested. In the electoral college Joe Biden won Michigan and Wisconsin, two states that helped hand victory to Donald Trump¹ in 2016; Mr Trump took the key state of Florida, and by a bigger margin² than in 2016. Mr Biden had the edge in the vote-count, which the Trump campaign challenged in court. When the final results are tallied³ the Democrat⁴ will have won the nationwide popular vote by perhaps five percentage points.

美国总统选举比民意调查预测的结果更为胶着。在选举团选举中，乔·拜登(Joe Biden)赢得了密歇根州和威斯康星州，这两个州曾帮助特朗普赢得了2016年的大选；特朗普以比2016年更大的优势拿下了关键州佛罗里达州。拜登在计票方面占据优势，而特朗普的竞选团队对此发起诉讼。最终结果统计出来后，民主党将以约5个百分点的优势赢得全国普选。

Early results suggested that the Republicans would retain the Senate. The Democrats⁵ gained two seats, but a Republican took one back in Alabama, defeating a Democrat who had won a special election in 2017 after his rival was embroiled⁶ in a sex scandal. Republicans picked up several seats in the House of Representatives, but the Democrats kept a firm grip on the chamber⁷. Montana was the only state to flip⁸ parties in the 11 governors’ races, switching to the Republicans.

初步的结果显示，共和党将保留参议院席位。民主党增加了两个席位，但一名共和党人在阿拉巴马州夺回了一个席位，击败了一名在2017年的特别选举中获胜的民主党人，此前他的对手卷入了一场性丑闻。共和党人在众议院获得了几个席位，但民主党人仍然牢牢控制着众议院。蒙大拿州是11个州中唯一一个在州长竞选中转向共和党的州。

Among the state ballot⁹ initiatives that took place, voters in Oregon approved laws that will decriminalise the possession for personal use of cocaine¹⁰, heroin¹¹ and other drugs, and legalise magic mushrooms for mental-health treatment. A new state flag was approved in Mississippi to replace the old one, which featured the Confederate emblem¹². The new flag portrays¹³ a magnolia flower.

在各州进行的投票中，俄勒冈州的选民通过了一项法律，该法律将个人持有可卡因、海洛因和其他毒品合法化，并将用于精神健康治疗“神奇蘑菇”合法化。密西西比州批准了一面新州旗，以取代印有联邦标志的旧旗。新旗帜上的图案是木兰花。

Abiy Ahmed, the prime minister of Ethiopia, ordered the army to take action against the northern region of Tigray, whose leaders he accused of attacking an army base. Tensions have been building between the central government and Tigray in recent months and observers worry that a civil war is brewing¹⁴.

埃塞俄比亚总理阿比·艾哈迈德(Abiy Ahmed)命令军队对北部提格雷(Tigray)地区采取行动，他指责该地区领导人袭击了一处军事基地。近几个月来，中央政府和提格雷之间的紧张关系不断加剧，观察人士担心一场内战正在酝酿。

While the world’s eyes were firmly on America’s election, governments in several African countries arrested prominent adversaries¹⁵. Police in Uganda detained Bobi Wine, a pop-star politician, after he registered as a candidate for the presidency¹⁶. In Tanzania the police arrested Tundu Lissu, the main opposition¹⁷ leader. And in Zimbabwe Hopewell Chin’ono, a journalist who has exposed corruption¹⁸ linked to the ruling party, was seized.

当全世界的目光都聚焦在美国大选时，数个非洲国家的政府却逮捕了一些知名的对手。乌干达警方拘留了流行歌手政客波比·维恩（Bobi Wine），此前他刚登记成为总统候选人。在坦桑尼亚，警方逮捕了主要反对派领导人图杜·利苏（Tundu Lissu）。在津巴布韦，记者霍普韦尔·钦奥诺(Hopewell Chin 'ono)因揭露与执政党有关的腐败而被捕。

Officials in Ivory Coast said that Alassane Ouattara had won a third term in a presidential election with 94% of the vote, even though many Ivorians boycotted¹⁹ it. The constitution limits presidents to two terms. His opponents refused to recognise the result.

科特迪瓦官员表示，尽管许多科特迪瓦人抵制选举，阿拉萨内·瓦塔拉(Alassane Ouattara)仍以94%的选票赢得了第三个总统任期。宪法规定总统只能连任两届。他的对手拒绝承认选举结果。

Algerians approved changes to the constitution that would impose term limits on their president and restrict his choice of prime minister. But the “Hirak” protest movement dismissed the revisions as a “facade” of change. Turnout was low.

阿尔及利亚人同意修改宪法，对总统的任期加以限制，并限制他对总理的选择权。但“Hirak”抗议运动将这些修宪工作斥为变革的“表象”。而且投票率很低。

A gunman with links to Islamic State went on a rampage in Vienna, killing²⁰ four people and wounding 23 before he was shot dead by police. The atrocity²¹, which took place in the centre of the Austrian capital, follows a spate²² of other incidents, including the beheading of a French teacher near Paris and the murder of three people in a church in Nice.

一名与伊斯兰国有关联的枪手在维也纳实施袭击，造成4人死亡，23人受伤，随后被警方击毙。这起暴行发生在奥地利首都市中心，此前还发生了一系列其他事件，包括一名法国教师在巴黎附近被斩首，以及尼斯教堂3人被杀。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 margin   

n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘

参考例句：

• We allowed a margin of 20 minutes in catching the train.我们有20分钟的余地赶火车。
• The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。

3 tallied   

v.计算，清点( tally的过去式和过去分词 )；加标签（或标记）于；（使）符合；（使）吻合

参考例句：

• The girl tallied them with her eyes for a moment. 新娘用目光把这些化妆品清点了一下。 来自教父部分
• His account of the accident tallied with hers. 他对事故的陈述和她的相吻合。 来自辞典例句

4 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

5 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 embroiled   

adj.卷入的；纠缠不清的

参考例句：

• He became embroiled in a dispute with his neighbours. 他与邻居们发生了争执。
• John and Peter were quarrelling, but Mary refused to get embroiled. 约翰和彼得在争吵，但玛丽不愿卷入。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 chamber   

n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所

参考例句：

• For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说，牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
• The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。

8 flip   

vt.快速翻动；轻抛；轻拍；n.轻抛；adj.轻浮的

参考例句：

• I had a quick flip through the book and it looked very interesting.我很快翻阅了一下那本书，看来似乎很有趣。
• Let's flip a coin to see who pays the bill.咱们来抛硬币决定谁付钱。

9 ballot   

n.（不记名）投票，投票总数，投票权；vi.投票

参考例句：

• The members have demanded a ballot.会员们要求投票表决。
• The union said they will ballot members on whether to strike.工会称他们将要求会员投票表决是否罢工。

10 cocaine   

n.可卡因，古柯碱（用作局部麻醉剂）

参考例句：

• That young man is a cocaine addict.那个年轻人吸食可卡因成瘾。
• Don't have cocaine abusively.不可滥服古柯碱。

11 heroin   

n.海洛因

参考例句：

• Customs have made their biggest ever seizure of heroin.海关查获了有史以来最大的一批海洛因。
• Heroin has been smuggled out by sea.海洛因已从海上偷运出境。

12 emblem   

n.象征，标志；徽章

参考例句：

• Her shirt has the company emblem on it.她的衬衫印有公司的标记。
• The eagle was an emblem of strength and courage.鹰是力量和勇气的象征。

13 portrays   

v.画像( portray的第三人称单数 )；描述；描绘；描画

参考例句：

• The museum collection vividly portrays the heritage of 200 years of canals. 博物馆的藏品让运河200 年的历史再现眼前。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The film portrays Gandhi as a kind of superman. 这部电影把甘地描绘成一个超人。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 brewing   

n. 酿造, 一次酿造的量 动词brew的现在分词形式

参考例句：

• It was obvious that a big storm was brewing up. 很显然，一场暴风雨正在酝酿中。
• She set about brewing some herb tea. 她动手泡一些药茶。

15 adversaries   

n.对手，敌手( adversary的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• That would cause potential adversaries to recoil from a challenge. 这会迫使潜在的敌人在挑战面前退缩。 来自辞典例句
• Every adversaries are more comfortable with a predictable, coherent America. 就连敌人也会因有可以预料的，始终一致的美国而感到舒服得多。 来自辞典例句

16 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

17 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

18 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

19 boycotted   

抵制，拒绝参加( boycott的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Athletes from several countries boycotted the Olympic Games. 有好几国的运动员抵制奥林匹克运动会。
• The opposition party earlier boycotted the Diet agenda, demanding Miyaji's resignation. 反对党曾杯葛国会议程，要宫路下台。

20 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

21 atrocity   

n.残暴，暴行

参考例句：

• These people are guilty of acts of great atrocity.这些人犯有令人发指的暴行。
• I am shocked by the atrocity of this man's crimes.这个人行凶手段残忍狠毒使我震惊。

22 spate   

n.泛滥，洪水，突然的一阵

参考例句：

• Police are investigating a spate of burglaries in the area.警察正在调查这一地区发生的大量盗窃案。
• Refugees crossed the border in full spate.难民大量地越过了边境。