TED演讲:医学的未来?也许是手机上的一个应用程序(1)

 A couple of years ago when I was attending the TED¹ Conference in Long Beach,  几年前我参加在长滩TED会议的时候，

I met Harriet.  我遇到了哈里特。

We'd actually met online before not the way you're thinking.  实际上我们以前在网上遇到过,不是像你们想的那样。

We were actually introduced because we both knew Linda Avey,  我们认识是因为我们都认识琳达埃维，

one of the founders² of the first online personal genomic companies.  首家私营基因公司创始人之一。

And because we shared our genetic⁴ information with Linda,  并且因为我们和琳达分享我们的基因信息，

she could see that Harriet and I shared a very rare type of mitochondrial DNA⁵ Haplotype K1a1b1a-K1a1b1a which meant that we were distantly related. 她知道哈里特和我都有一种很稀有的线粒体DNA-单模标本-这意味着我们是远亲。

We actually share the same genealogy⁶ with Ozzie the iceman.  实际上，我们都和冰人奥兹有亲缘关系。

So Ozzie, Harriet and me.  没错，奥兹，哈里特和我。

And being the current day, of course, we started our own Facebook group.  当然，如今我们有了自己的脸书网群组。

You're all welcome to join.  欢迎你们加入。

And when I met Harriet in person the next year at the TED Conference,  当我在第二年TED会议遇见哈里特的时候，

she'd gone online and ordered our own happy Haplotype T-shirts.  她在线订购了我们自己快乐的单模标本T恤衫。

Now why am I telling you this story,  为什么我要告诉你们这个故事，

and what does this have to do with the future of health?  这和未来健康有什么关系呢？

Well the way I met Harriet is actually an example of how leveraging⁷ cross-disciplinary, 实际上，我遇见哈里特的经过是一个很好的例子关于怎样利用学科交叉，

exponentially-growing technologies is affecting our future of health and wellness, 指数增长的技术来影响我们将来的健康和保健事业，

from low-cost gene³ analysis to the ability to do powerful bio-informatics to the connection of the Internet and social networking. 从低成本的基因分析到做强大生物信息学的能力到互联网和社会网络间的联系。

What I'd like to talk about today is understanding these exponential technologies.  我今天想谈的是理解这些指数增长的技术。

We often think linearly.  我们经常线性思考。

But if you think about it, if you have a lily pad and it just divided every single day two, four, eight, 16-2，4，8，16，in 15 days you have 32,000.  但是如果想像一下，如果你有一个睡莲叶子，它每天分裂一次，15天以后会有32000个叶子。

What do you think you have in a month? We're at a billion.  你认为1个月以后有多少？我们会有10亿。

So if we start to think exponentially,  如果我们开始指数思考，

we can see how this is starting to affect all the technologies around us.  我们会看到这会怎样影响到我们周围的技术。

And many of these technologies-speaking as a physician and innovator⁸ we can really start to leverage⁹ to impact the future of our own health and of health care,  许多技术--像一位物理学家和革新者所说的，我们能真正开始去利用它们，影响我们的未来健康和卫生保健，

and to address many of the major challenges that we have in health care today,  和谈论如今许多卫生保健面临的主要困难

ranging from the really exponential costs to the aging population,  从巨额投入到高龄人群，

the way we really don't use information very well today,  我们没有真正很好地使用信息的现状，

the fragmentation of care and often the very difficult course of adoption¹⁰ of innovation. 保健不均衡和常常面对困难棘手的经历，例如采用革新的历程。

And one of the major things we can do we've talked a bit about here today is moving the curve to the left. 今天我们谈到主要的事情之一是把曲线向左移。

We spend most of our money on the last 20 percent of life.  我们在生命的最后20%时间里花费了大部分的钱。

What if we could spend and incentivize positions in the health care system and our own self to move the curve to the left and improve our health, 如果我们能够投资和激励岗位在健康保健系统和我们自身来向左移动这条曲线从而改善我们的健康，

leveraging technology as well?  利用技术，会怎么样呢？

Now my favorite technology, example of exponential technology,  我最喜爱的技术，指数技术的例子，

we all have in our pocket.  在我们所有人的口袋里。

So if you think about it, these are really dramatically improving.  因此如果你想一下，你会发现这些技术真的显著提高了。

I mean this is the iPhone 4.  我指的是iPhone 4.

Imagine what the iPhone 8 will be able to do.  想像iPhone 8将能做什么。

Now, I've gained some insight into this.  现在，我有了一些见解。

I've been the track share for the medicine portion of a new institution called Singularity University based in Silicon¹¹ Valley. 我追踪观察新成立的奇点大学的医学院，它座落在硅谷。

And we bring together every summer  每个夏天我们召集

about 100 very talented students from around the world.  世界各地100名非常有天赋的学生。

And we look at these exponential technologies from medicine, biotech,  我们研究这些指数技术从医学，生物技术，

artificial intelligence, robotics, nanotechnology, space,  人工智能，机器人技术，纳米技术，太空技术，

and address how can we cross-train and leverage these to impact major unmet goals.  来发现如何能多项培训并利用这些技术去影响重大未实现的目标。

We also have seven-day executive programs.  我们也有一个7天执行方案。

And coming up next month is actually Future Med,  接下来几个月的方案是未来医学，

a program to help cross-train and leverage technologies into medicine.  一个帮助多项培训和把技术应用到医学的项目。

Now I mentioned the phone.  现在我来说电话。

These mobile phones have over 20,000 different mobile apps available to the point where there's one out of the U.K.  这些手机有超过20000个不同的应用程序，从这点上说，有一个与众不同，

where you can pee on a little chip connected to your iPhone and check yourself for an STD. 那就是你可以通过在你的iPhone相连的一小块芯片上小便来自查是否有性传染病。

I don't know if I'd try that yet, but that's available.  我不知道我是否会这样做，但是它确实可用。

There are all other sorts of applications,  还有很多种应用，

merging¹² your phone and diagnostics, for example， 把你的电话和诊断联系在一起，例如，

measuring your blood glucose¹³ on your iPhone and sending that,  用你的iPhone测量你的血糖并可能把数据发给你的医生，

potentially, to your physician so they can better understand and you can better understand your blood sugars as a diabetic.  使得他们和你都能更好得了解，你作为一个糖尿病人的血糖。

So let's see now how exponential technologies are taking health care.  现在让我们看看指数技术怎样进行健康保健。

Let's start with faster.  让我们从速度开始。

Well it's no secret that computers, through Moore's law,  我们都知道，根据摩尔定律，计算机，

are speeding up faster and faster.  运算速度越来越快。

We have the ability to do more powerful things with them.  因此我们能够做更强大的事情。

They're really approaching, in many cases surpassing,  他们正在接近，在很多情况超越，

the ability of the human mind.  人类思维的能力。

But where I think computational speed is most applicable is in that of imaging.  但是我认为计算速度最适用的地方是在于成像技术。

The ability now to look inside the body in real time with very high resolution is really becoming incredible.  这种技术能即时的观察身体内部用非常高的分辨率，真的很神奇。

And we're layering multiple technologies-PET scans, CT scans  我们正在综合多种技术--PET扫描，CT扫描

and molecular¹⁴ diagnostics to find and to seek things at different levels.  和分子诊断来发现和寻找不同层面的东西。

Here you're going to see the very highest resolution MRI scan done today,  今天在这里你们将会看到非常高分辨率的MRI扫描，

reconstructed of Marc Hodosh, the curator of TEDMED.  它是由TEDMED的主持者马克?霍道什重建的。

1 ted   

vt.翻晒，撒，撒开

参考例句：

• The invaders gut ted the village.侵略者把村中财物洗劫一空。
• She often teds the corn when it's sunny.天好的时候她就翻晒玉米。

2 founders   

n.创始人( founder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He was one of the founders of the university's medical faculty. 他是该大学医学院的创建人之一。 来自辞典例句
• The founders of our religion made this a cornerstone of morality. 我们宗教的创始人把这看作是道德的基石。 来自辞典例句

3 gene   

n.遗传因子，基因

参考例句：

• A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
• The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。

4 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

5 DNA   

(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

参考例句：

• DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
• Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

6 genealogy   

n.家系，宗谱

参考例句：

• He had sat and repeated his family's genealogy to her,twenty minutes of nonstop names.他坐下又给她细数了一遍他家族的家谱，20分钟内说出了一连串的名字。
• He was proficient in all questions of genealogy.他非常精通所有家谱的问题。

7 leveraging   

促使…改变( leverage的现在分词 )； [美国英语]杠杆式投机，（使）举债经营，（使）利用贷款进行投机

参考例句：

• De-leveraging is a painful process: it has barely begun. 去杠杆化是个痛苦的过程：它才刚刚开始。
• Archimedes said, saying: Give me a fulcrum, I can leveraging the Earth. 阿基米德说过一句话：给我一个支点，我可以撬动地球。

8 innovator   

n.改革者；创新者

参考例句：

• The young technical innovator didn't lose heart though the new system was not yet brought into a workable condition. 尽管这种新方法尚未达到切实可行的状况，这位青年技术革新者也没有泄气。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Caesar planned vast projects and emerged as a great innovator. 恺撒制定了庞大的革新计划。 来自英汉非文学 - 文明史

9 leverage   

n.力量，影响；杠杆作用，杠杆的力量

参考例句：

• We'll have to use leverage to move this huge rock.我们不得不借助杠杆之力来移动这块巨石。
• He failed in the project because he could gain no leverage. 因为他没有影响力，他的计划失败了。

10 adoption   

n.采用，采纳，通过；收养

参考例句：

• An adoption agency had sent the boys to two different families.一个收养机构把他们送给两个不同的家庭。
• The adoption of this policy would relieve them of a tremendous burden.采取这一政策会给他们解除一个巨大的负担。

11 silicon   

n.硅(旧名矽)

参考例句：

• This company pioneered the use of silicon chip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
• A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp.芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。

12 merging   

合并（分类）

参考例句：

• Many companies continued to grow by merging with or buying competing firms. 许多公司通过合并或收买竞争对手的公司而不断扩大。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• To sequence by repeated splitting and merging. 用反复分开和合并的方法进行的排序。

13 glucose   

n.葡萄糖

参考例句：

• I gave him an extra dose of glucose to pep him up.我给他多注射了一剂葡萄糖以增强他的活力。
• The doctor injected glucose into his patient's veins.医生将葡萄糖注入病人的静脉。

14 molecular   

adj.分子的；克分子的

参考例句：

• The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
• For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时，分子的碰撞就停止了。