2-14 登革热

Dengue Fever¹

 

Dengue fever is a mosquito borne² infection. The disease is characterized by high fever, headache, bone or joint¹ and muscle pains, and rash. Dengue haemorrhagic³ fever is a potentially deadly complication⁴ that is characterized by high fever, haemorrhagic phenomena², often with enlargement of the liver, and in severe cases, circulatory⁵ failure.

　　

The first reported epidemics⁴ of dengue fever occurred in 1779～1780. Dengue haemorrhagic fever was first recognized in the 1950s during the dengue epidemics in the Philippines and Thailand.

　　

The global prevalence⁶ of dengue has grown dramatically in recent decades. The disease is now endemic⁷ in more than 100 countries in Africa, the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean⁵, Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific are most seriously affected⁶.

　　

Some 2500 million people two fifths of the world's population are now at risk from dengue. WHO currently estimates there may be 50 million cases of dengue infection worldwide every year.

　　

There is no specific treatment for dengue fever. However, careful clinical management by experienced physicians⁸ and nurses frequently saves the lives of DHF patients. With appropriate intensive supportive therapy, mortality⁹ may be reduced to less than 1％.

 

No dengue vaccine⁷ is currently available. Prospects⁸ for reversing the recent trend of increased epidemic³ activity and geographic⁹ expansion of dengue are not promising¹⁰. In recent years public health authorities have emphasized disease prevention by mosquito control through community efforts to reduce larval¹⁰ breeding sources. Although this approach will probably be effective in the long run, it is unlikely to impact disease transmission in the near future.

 

注释：

1.dengue [5deN^ei] n. [医]登革热（亦作dengue fever）

2.mosquito borne [mEs5ki:tEu5bC:n] adj. 由蚊子传播的

3.haemorrhagic [7hemE5rAdVik] adj. 大出血的

4.complication [7kCmpli5keiF(E)n] n. [医]并发症，并发病

5.circulatory [5skjElEtC:ri] adj. （血液等）循环的

6.prevalence [5prevElEns] n. （疾病等的）流行程度

7.endemic [en5demik] adj. （疾病等）地方性的；某地（或某些人中）流行的

8.physician [fi5ziFEn] n. （有行医执照的）医生；内科医师

9.mortality [mC:5tAliti] n. 死亡率；死亡数

10.larval [5lB:vEl] adj. [动]幼虫的；幼体的

 

登革热

 

　　登革热是一种由蚊子传播的传染病，其临床特征为高烧、头痛、骨头或关节痛、肌肉痛以及皮疹。登革出血热是一种可能危及生命的并发症，临床表现为高烧、出血，常伴有肝肿大，一些严重的病例还并发循环系统衰竭。

　　第一次被报道的登革热流行发生在1779～1780年。登革出血热在20世纪50年代菲律宾和泰国爆发登革热时第一次得到确认。

　　近几十年登革热在全球范围内引人注目地流行起来，如今已经成为非洲、美洲、地中海东部、东南亚和西太平洋地区100多个国家的地方流行病。东南亚和西太平洋地区受到的影响最为严重。

　　大约有25亿人——全世界人口的2/5——正受到登革热的威胁。世界卫生组织目前估计，全球每年可能有5000万登革热感染病例发生。

　　目前对登革热没有特效治疗方法。但是，在有经验的医生和护士的精心护理下，登革出血热病人往往能够脱离生命危险。恰当地采用大剂量高疗效药物进行辅助治疗，可以将死亡率降低到1％以下。

　　登革热疫苗还没有被开发出来。要扭转当前登革热不断上升的流行和地区性扩散趋势，前景并不乐观。近几年，公共卫生当局重点通过集体灭蚊、减少幼虫繁育场所来预防疾病。这种方法虽然从长远来看大概会是有效的，但对近期内疾病的传播可能影响不大。

1 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

2 phenomena   

n.现象

参考例句：

• Ade couldn't relate the phenomena with any theory he knew.艾德无法用他所知道的任何理论来解释这种现象。
• The object of these experiments was to find the connection,if any,between the two phenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。

3 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

4 epidemics   

n．流行病

参考例句：

• Reliance upon natural epidemics may be both time-consuming and misleading. 依靠天然的流行既浪费时间，又会引入歧途。
• The antibiotic epidemics usually start stop when the summer rainy season begins. 传染病通常会在夏天的雨季停止传播。

5 Mediterranean   

adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的

参考例句：

• The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
• Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

6 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

7 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

8 prospects   

n.希望，前途(恒为复数)

参考例句：

• There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
• They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。

9 geographic   

adj.地理学的，地理的

参考例句：

• The city's success owes much to its geographic position. 这座城市的成功很大程度上归功于它的地理位置。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Environmental problems pay no heed to these geographic lines. 环境问题并不理会这些地理界限。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

10 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。