5-8 吴哥

Angkor

　

This ancient city is known to the world as Angkor Wat -- after its most beautiful temple, but the true wonder is the city itself, which is actually called Angkor.

 

　　The first temples were completed in the eighth century by early Khmer¹ king Jayavarman and his heirs kept building on his legacy¹. The whole of Angkor was built over a period of about 600 years. It never stopped. It was to recreate in Hindu mythology² the Mount Mira, the Hindu Heaven. And the kings wanted to elevate² themselves to a god -like status and progressive kings enlarged upon it. And so it just grew and grew. Each king wanted to build another temple. They were trying to create Heaven on Earth.

 

　　The lush jungle paradise they created inevitably³ caught the attention of the neighboring kingdom of Siam^{3 --} now known as Thailand. After one hundred years of off and on battle, the Thai armies began to get the upper hand. At the end of it, the Cambodian people were exhausted⁴. Their resources had run out. The Thais had a relatively⁵ easy victory when they finally sacked⁴ Angkor in 1431. But a mystery surrounds their victory. Without warning the Thai armies abandoned Angkor as suddenly as they conquered it and to this day no one knows why.

 

　　The Royal Court just literally⁶ walked away from Angkor completely. The couple of temples were maintained and visited from time to time. But basically they just turned their back on⁵ it. And the magnificent city became lost in the mists of time. Rumors⁷ of this sacred city floated throughout the jungles of Southeast Asia for centuries.

 

　　The locals were telling stories. There had been French naturalists⁸ through the area, but no one believed the tales. Then, in 1860 the French explorer Henri Mahout set out to find Angkor. One day he stepped into a jungle clearing and found himself walking through the imperial⁶ ruins of the ancient city. Over one hundred years later, the world is also beginning to understand the glory of Angkor.

 

　　For being a heavenly city⁷ that transcends⁹ time, Angkor ascends¹⁰ to number three on our list.

 

注释:

1.Khmer [kE5mZE] n. 高棉人

2.elevate [5eliveit] vt. 提升到……地位

3.Siam [5saiAm] 暹罗（东南亚国家泰国 [Thailand] 的旧称）

4.sack [sAk] vt. 劫掠，洗劫（被攻陷的城市等）

5.turn one's back on 背弃，抛弃

6.imperial [im5piEriEl] a. 帝国的，王国的

7.heavenly city 圣城（两词首字母大写指基督教《圣经•启示录》中的新耶路撒冷，文中借喻）

 

吴哥

 

吴哥是柬埔寨的古都和游览胜地，位于洞里萨湖北面，距暹粒市6公里。公元9～15世纪为高棉王国都城。最早始建于8世纪，13世纪建成，占地15平方公里。吴哥古迹主要包括大、小吴哥两地的通王城和吴哥窟；各种建筑约600座。有5座宏伟的宝塔和精美的浮雕，是闻名于世的高棉文化古迹，也是世界著名的佛教建筑。柬埔寨王国国旗上的图案就是吴哥窟的圣塔。吴哥古迹曾被丛林所掩盖，19世纪后期才被重新发现。上图为吴哥中最著名的建筑--吴哥窟。

这座古城被世人称为吴哥窟，以城中最美的庙宇的名字命名，而真正的奇迹是这座城市本身，这座城市实际上叫吴哥。

　　第一批寺庙在8世纪由古高棉国王耶跋摩建成，他的后代们继承祖业，继续修建。吴哥的整体建筑花了大约600年的时间，并且从未停止过。它要重现印度神话中的米拉山--印度人的天堂。国王们想把自己提升到神那样的位置上，于是一代一代的国王不断地扩建，所以它就越建越大。每个国王都想新建一个庙宇，他们试图建造人间的天堂。

　　他们创建的奢华的丛林天堂不可避免地引起了邻国暹罗王国（即现在的泰国）的注意。经过100年断断续续的争斗，泰国军队开始占了上风。柬埔寨人最终筋疲力尽了，他们的资源消耗殆尽了。泰国人较易地取得了胜利，他们终于在1431年洗劫了吴哥。但他们的胜利却罩着一层神秘的面纱。就像他们迅速征服它一样，泰国军队一声不响地迅速放弃了吴哥，至今谁也不知个中原因。

　　皇室完全地离开了吴哥。一些庙宇还得到维护并不时有人来看一看，但基本上皇室已经废弃了吴哥。这座华丽的古城被湮灭在时间的迷雾中。几个世纪以来，在东南亚的丛林中，一直流传着有关这座圣城的传说。

　　当地人讲述着种种故事。曾有一些法国自然学家到过这个地方，但没有人相信这些传说。后来，在1860年，法国探险家亨利•马乌开始寻找吴哥。有一天他步入了一片丛林空地，发现他正走在这座古城的王国废墟上。100多年后，世界也开始认识吴哥的辉煌。

跨越时代的圣城吴哥位居我们排行榜的第3名。

 

1 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

2 mythology   

n.神话，神话学，神话集

参考例句：

• In Greek mythology,Zeus was the ruler of Gods and men.在希腊神话中，宙斯是众神和人类的统治者。
• He is the hero of Greek mythology.他是希腊民间传说中的英雄。

3 inevitably   

adv.不可避免地；必然发生地

参考例句：

• In the way you go on,you are inevitably coming apart.照你们这样下去，毫无疑问是会散伙的。
• Technological changes will inevitably lead to unemployment.技术变革必然会导致失业。

4 exhausted   

adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的

参考例句：

• It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
• Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。

5 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

6 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。

7 rumors   

n.传闻( rumor的名词复数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷v.传闻( rumor的第三人称单数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷

参考例句：

• Rumors have it that the school was burned down. 有谣言说学校给烧掉了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Rumors of a revolt were afloat. 叛变的谣言四起。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 naturalists   

n.博物学家( naturalist的名词复数 )；（文学艺术的）自然主义者

参考例句：

• Naturalists differ much in determining what characters are of generic value. 自然学者对于不同性状决定生物的属的含义上，各有各的见解。 来自辞典例句
• This fact has led naturalists to believe that the Isthmus was formerly open. 使许多自然学者相信这个地蛱在以前原是开通的。 来自辞典例句

9 transcends   

超出或超越（经验、信念、描写能力等）的范围( transcend的第三人称单数 )； 优于或胜过…

参考例句：

• The chemical dilution technique transcends most of the difficulties. 化学稀释法能克服大部分困难。
• The genius of Shakespeare transcends that of all other English poets. 莎士比亚的才华胜过所有的其他英国诗人。

10 ascends   

v.上升，攀登( ascend的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The azygos vein ascends in the right paravertebral gutter. 奇静脉在右侧脊柱旁沟内上升。 来自辞典例句
• The mortality curve ascends gradually to a plateau at age 65. 死亡曲线逐渐上升，到65岁时成平稳状态。 来自辞典例句