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新编大学英语阅读部分第一册Unit7-1

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Unit 7
Emotions and Health

In-Class Reading

The Secrets of Good Health

I. Word List
Directions: Memorize the words and phrases before class. You will benefit from your effort when you get the passage from your teacher and read it in class.


New Words

bacterium1 *
n. (plural bacteria) 细菌

behavioral
adj. of behavior 行为的

belly2 *
n. 腹部

cancer *
n. 癌症

cell *
n. the smallest part of a living thing that can exist independently 细胞

chemical *
n. 化学物质

chronic3 *
adj. (especially of a disease) lasting4 for along time (尤指疾病等)长期的,慢性的
e.g. chronic diseases 慢性病

connection *
n. a link or direct relationship between things or people 联系
e.g. There seems to be a connection between the arrival of the letter and Bill's sudden departure shortly afterwards.

decrease *
v. cause something to become smaller or fewer 减少
e.g. She decreased her speed to 40 kilometers per hour as she approached the bend.

depressed5 *
adj. feeling very unhappy 沮丧的
e.g. She's very depressed about not winning.

depression *
n. a feeling of sadness that makes one think there is no hope for the future 沮丧,消沉
e.g. I'm just beginning to get over the deep depression I felt about losing my job.

diverse *
adj. of different kinds 多种多样的,不同的
e.g. His interests are very diverse.

document *
v. prove or support something with documents 用文件证实或证明(某事)
e.g. The effects of smoking have been well documented.

energize6 *
v. give energy to somebody or something 给予(某人或某物)精力、能量
e.g. Food energizes7 you.

equally *
adv. 相等地;等同地
e.g. Try to get into the habit of eating at least three small meals a day, at equally spaced intervals8.

flu
n. short form of influenza9 流行性感冒

hostile *
adj. very unfriendly 极不友好的
e.g. Her friendly greeting was met by an unsmiling, hostile stare from the children gathered round the car.

immune *
adj. 免疫的
e.g. It seemed for a while that women were immune to AIDS.

immunity10
n. 免疫力

immune-transmitter
n. 免疫传递素

ingredient *
n. (figurative) any of the qualities of which something is made 要素,成分
e.g. Traveling abroad is an essential ingredient in your business career.

insect *
n. 昆虫

loosen *
v. become or make loose or looser 放松
e.g. This tie keeps loosening.

mindfulness
n. 留神;警觉;注意

muscle *
n. 肌肉

network *
n. 网络

neurotransmitter
n. 神经传递素

newlywed
adj. 新婚的

nutrition *
n. 营养

optimistic *
adj. believing that good things will happen in the future 乐观主义的
e.g. The president says he is optimistic that an agreement can be worked out soon.

organ *
n. 器官

outlook *
n. a mental attitude (对生活等的)看法,观点
e.g. He has a very strange outlook on life.

pessimistic *
adj. 悲观的

positive *
adj. pleasant and helpful in some way 积极的
e.g. Working abroad should be an exciting and positive experience for all concerned.

receptor
n. (生理) 神经末梢,感受器

release *
v. 释放
e.g. Release the hand brake slowly as you accelerate.

respiration11
n. the process of breathing 呼吸

response *
n. 反应
e.g. There has been no response to his remarks from the government.

reverse *
n. the opposite; the other way round 相反情况
e.g. Children's shoes aren't cheap--quite the reverse.

rhythmic12 *
adj. having rhythm 有节奏的

risk *
n. the possibility that something bad, unpleasant or dangerous may happen 风险;危险
e.g. You have to accept that there are risks involved in any investment.

strain *
n. 负担,压力
e.g. She's been under terrible strain since her husband became ill.

stressful *
adj. 有压力的
e.g. Being a hospital doctor can be a very stressful job.

substance *
n. a particular type of matter 物质
e.g. Water and ice are the same substance in different forms.

system *
n. a group of things or parts working together as a whole 系统
e.g. the nervous system 神经系统

tension *
n. mental, emotional or nervous strain 心理、情绪或神经方面的紧张

virus *
n. 病毒

well-being13
n. a state of being healthy, happy, etc. 健康、幸福等状况

whichever * determiner,
pron.无论哪个或哪些
e.g. We're going to be late, whichever way we go.

The Secrets of Good Health

1 Exercise. Eat right. Don't smoke. These are some of the most common words of advice to people who wish to stay healthy. But a growing amount of scientific research shows that there is another, equally important, aspect to staying well, peace of mind.
2 Think about how your heart races while you are waiting to be called into the doctor's office or how unhappy a bad headache can make you. There is a two-way connection between mind and body. When one is bothered, the other feels it. At the heart of the communications network are brain chemicals called neurotransmitters which communicate messages not only within the brain, but also within the body. One key receptor, the immune system, is a network of cells and organs that work to fight off viruses and bacteria. When you experience joy, fear, or relaxation14, the immune system may increase or decrease production of disease-fighting cells, thus helping15 you to fight off the flu, or even cancer.
3 By now, how the immune system is affected16 by stress has been well documented. In one study involving newlywed couples, for example, those who showed hostile behavior during a 30-minute discussion about marriage problems had lower immune functioning for the 24-hour period following the experiment than people who showed less negative behavior. It is not just stress that can do damage. One researcher thought that if the same cold virus was put under two different noses, the person who is depressed or anxious or pessimistic would be more likely to develop the cold.
4 What is it about stress and related emotions that can encourage poor health? These feelings can cause the production of substances that damage or weaken our immune cells. Negative emotions can also cause our bodies to produce fewer immuno-transmitters which ultimately help fight off disease.
5 If stress, depression, anger and other negative feelings can make you more likely to get sick, can the reverse be true? Will you have a stronger immune response and greater health if you are happier, less stressed, and more optimistic? Experts believe that the answer is yes. There are studies showing that by employing certain mind-body techniques that help reduce stress and improve outlook, cancer patients can live longer. But cancer patients aren't the only ones who can benefit. Certain mind-body techniques can help all of us.
6 Research has found that when patients with chronic pain used relaxation therapies and other behavioral techniques to manage discomfort17, they reduced their visits to the doctor by 36 percent. Relaxation produces better health through deep, rhythmic breathing, muscle loosening, and a slower heart rate. When some of the tension is taken out of the body, the strain is taken off the entire system. Relaxation decreases blood pressure, heart rate and respiration and increases one's sense of well-being. That is important because a body that is constantly tense will eventually give out.
7 There are dozens of mind-body techniques for you to choose from. The key is to find one you're comfortable with and then do it regularly. Simply writing about negative, unpleasant events may actually boost your immunity according to researchers. Scientists are not completely sure why it works, but they know that when individuals write, it helps them organize events, which in turn gives them more understanding of the situation. When you can give a stressful experience meaning through writing, you don't think about it or worry about it as much. And when you reduce stress, you boost immune functioning. How much you write or how long you write depends upon how much stress you feel about the event. One doctor suggests that people write until they are tired of writing and then read over what they have written. This helps make more sense of it. Also, just talking about a stressful experience with a friend can have the same positive effect.
8 Study after study has shown that people with good support systems-caring, helpful family, friends and co-workers-have better health. Researchers think that the understanding we get from them reduces stress, which in turn helps the immune system. As one psychologist states, "When you have someone who loves you and cares about you to share your problems and feelings with, you don't feel you have to fight your problems, or the world, alone." Another interesting study has shown that the more diverse your social network, the better, that people who have a number of different social relationships have a lower risk of getting colds than those with fewer.
9 There are other fast but effective mind-body relaxation techniques. One could be called "belly breathing." Sit in a comfortable chair in a quiet room. Close your eyes. Breathe through your nose, fill your lungs with air, then slowly release the breath through your mouth. Another technique could be called "mindfulness." Take a slow walk and be aware of exactly what is happening to you at each moment-whether the wind is on your face, an insect is flying near you, or you hear birds singing. Even if you continue thinking about problems, you will become calmer and distance yourself from your problems. If you are at home, you might dance. Put on some fast music, close the door, and let yourself go. The dancing will energize you and that alone will make you feel better.
10 Whichever mind-body techniques work best for you, never rely on them alone to keep you mentally and physically18 well. Like exercise, good nutrition and proper medical care, methods such as relaxation therapies are only one part of the recipe for good health. Still, they are an important ingredient. (934 words)

Time taken: ____ minutes

Phrases and Expressions

be likely to
very probably
e.g. These services are likely to be available to us all before long.

be tired of 对......不耐烦或感到厌倦
e.g. I'm tired of wearing the same old clothes every day.

depend on /upon
vary according to; be decided19 by 视......而定;取决于
e.g. The amount you pay depends upon where you live.

fight off
succeed in getting rid of (something) 击退;竭力摆脱
e.g. She took various medicines to try to fight off her cold.

give out
stop working properly
e.g. One of his lungs gave out entirely20.

in turn
as a result of something
e.g. Interest rates were cut, and in turn, share prices rose.

let oneself go
no longer restrain one's feelings, desires, etc. 尽情发泄感情、放纵欲望等
e.g. Stop worrying about what you're feeling. Let yourself go.

put on
make something begin to play 使(视听设备)开始播放
e.g. Do you mind if I put some music on?

rely on
trust (especially that something will happen or someone will do something) 指望或依赖某人(某事物)
e.g. You can't rely on the weather.


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 bacterium BN7zE     
n.(pl.)bacteria 细菌
参考例句:
  • The bacterium possibly goes in the human body by the mouth.细菌可能通过口进入人体。
  • A bacterium is identified as the cause for his duodenal ulcer.一种细菌被断定为造成他十二指肠溃疡的根源。
2 belly QyKzLi     
n.肚子,腹部;(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分,膛
参考例句:
  • The boss has a large belly.老板大腹便便。
  • His eyes are bigger than his belly.他眼馋肚饱。
3 chronic BO9zl     
adj.(疾病)长期未愈的,慢性的;极坏的
参考例句:
  • Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
  • Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。
4 lasting IpCz02     
adj.永久的,永恒的;vbl.持续,维持
参考例句:
  • The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
  • We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。
5 depressed xu8zp9     
adj.沮丧的,抑郁的,不景气的,萧条的
参考例句:
  • When he was depressed,he felt utterly divorced from reality.他心情沮丧时就感到完全脱离了现实。
  • His mother was depressed by the sad news.这个坏消息使他的母亲意志消沉。
6 energize GpyxN     
vt.给予(某人或某物)精力、能量
参考例句:
  • It is used to energize the city.它的作用是为城市供给能量。
  • This is a great way to energize yourself and give yourself more power!这种方法非常棒,可以激活你的能量,让你有更多的活力!
7 energizes 787792af160c07b0ff338767569e77bb     
v.给予…精力,能量( energize的第三人称单数 );使通电
参考例句:
  • However, heating energizes the vibrational, rotational, and electronic motions all at once. 但是,加热会一下子把振动、转动和电子运动统统加强。 来自英汉非文学 - 科技
  • Purpose always produces passion. Nothing energizes like a clear purpose. 目的往往会带来热忱,没有任何东西比清晰的目的更有动力。 来自互联网
8 intervals f46c9d8b430e8c86dea610ec56b7cbef     
n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 );间隔时间;[数学]区间;(戏剧、电影或音乐会的)幕间休息
参考例句:
  • The forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers. 预报间晴,有阵雨。
  • Meetings take place at fortnightly intervals. 每两周开一次会。
9 influenza J4NyD     
n.流行性感冒,流感
参考例句:
  • They took steps to prevent the spread of influenza.他们采取措施
  • Influenza is an infectious disease.流感是一种传染病。
10 immunity dygyQ     
n.优惠;免除;豁免,豁免权
参考例句:
  • The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
  • He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。
11 respiration us7yt     
n.呼吸作用;一次呼吸;植物光合作用
参考例句:
  • They tried artificial respiration but it was of no avail.他们试做人工呼吸,可是无效。
  • They made frequent checks on his respiration,pulse and blood.他们经常检查他的呼吸、脉搏和血液。
12 rhythmic rXexv     
adj.有节奏的,有韵律的
参考例句:
  • Her breathing became more rhythmic.她的呼吸变得更有规律了。
  • Good breathing is slow,rhythmic and deep.健康的呼吸方式缓慢深沉而有节奏。
13 well-being Fe3zbn     
n.安康,安乐,幸福
参考例句:
  • He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
  • My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福,却被误解为多管闲事。
14 relaxation MVmxj     
n.松弛,放松;休息;消遣;娱乐
参考例句:
  • The minister has consistently opposed any relaxation in the law.部长一向反对法律上的任何放宽。
  • She listens to classical music for relaxation.她听古典音乐放松。
15 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
16 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
17 discomfort cuvxN     
n.不舒服,不安,难过,困难,不方便
参考例句:
  • One has to bear a little discomfort while travelling.旅行中总要忍受一点不便。
  • She turned red with discomfort when the teacher spoke.老师讲话时她不好意思地红着脸。
18 physically iNix5     
adj.物质上,体格上,身体上,按自然规律
参考例句:
  • He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服,心绪也很乱。
  • Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。
19 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
20 entirely entirely     
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
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