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英语名人堂:莫罕达斯·卡拉姆昌德·甘地

时间:2016-08-12 05:26来源:互联网 提供网友:yajing   字体: [ ]
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莫罕达斯·卡拉姆昌德·甘地(1869年10月2日-1948年1月30日),尊称圣雄甘地,是印度民族解放运动的领导人和印度国家大会党领袖。他是现代印度的国父,也是提倡非暴力抵抗的现代政治学说——甘地主义的创始人。他的精神思想带领国家迈向独立,脱离英国的殖民统治。他的“非暴力”的哲学思想,影响了全世界的民族主义者和争取能以和平变革的国际运动。[1] 

Mohandas “Mahatma” Gandhi was India’s most important political and spiritual leader. He is honoured in India as Father of the Nation. His non-violent protests led to independence for India from the British. His beliefs and actions have inspired civil rights movements across the globe. He is an icon1 of world peace. His birthday, 2nd October, is commemorated2 worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence.

 

Gandhi was born in Gujarat, Western India, in 1869. He grew up surrounded by religious traditions of compassion3, vegetarianism4, and tolerance5 for all people. He got married at the age of 13. When he was 19, he went to London to study law. He returned to India to practice as a lawyer but was hampered6 by British officials, so he accepted a job in South Africa.

 

In South Africa, Gandhi faced discrimination and hardship wherever he went. He was treated as a third-class citizen by white people. This awakened7 in him questions about social justice and the role of the British in India. He returned to India in 1915, ready to put to work the concept of passive resistance he developed in South Africa.

 

Between 1916 and 1945, Gandhi campaigned tirelessly to set India free from British rule. He started by leading protests against British taxes and landlords, and walked across India encouraging non-cooperation with the British. He was arrested and imprisoned8 for creating unrest. Gandhi's fame spread all over the nation. He was assassinated9 in 1948. Two years later, India became an independent republic.


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 icon JbxxB     
n.偶像,崇拜的对象,画像
参考例句:
  • They found an icon in the monastery.他们在修道院中发现了一个圣像。
  • Click on this icon to align or justify text.点击这个图标使文本排齐。
2 commemorated 5095d6b593f459f1eacbc41739a5f72f     
v.纪念,庆祝( commemorate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Lincoln commemorated the soldiers killed in the battle in his address. 林肯在演说中表扬阵亡将士。 来自辞典例句
  • You'll be commemorated for killing a spy, and be specially discharged. 你们每杀一个间谍将会被记录到特殊档案。 来自电影对白
3 compassion 3q2zZ     
n.同情,怜悯
参考例句:
  • He could not help having compassion for the poor creature.他情不自禁地怜悯起那个可怜的人来。
  • Her heart was filled with compassion for the motherless children.她对于没有母亲的孩子们充满了怜悯心。
4 vegetarianism xKnzZ     
n.素食,素食主义
参考例句:
  • More and more people are believing in vegetarianism and diet for health. 而今越来越多的人们相信素食和节食有利于身体健康。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • She is an exponent of vegetarianism. 她是一个素食主义的倡导者。 来自《简明英汉词典》
5 tolerance Lnswz     
n.宽容;容忍,忍受;耐药力;公差
参考例句:
  • Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
  • Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。
6 hampered 3c5fb339e8465f0b89285ad0a790a834     
妨碍,束缚,限制( hamper的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The search was hampered by appalling weather conditions. 恶劣的天气妨碍了搜寻工作。
  • So thought every harassed, hampered, respectable boy in St. Petersburg. 圣彼德堡镇的那些受折磨、受拘束的体面孩子们个个都是这么想的。
7 awakened de71059d0b3cd8a1de21151c9166f9f0     
v.(使)醒( awaken的过去式和过去分词 );(使)觉醒;弄醒;(使)意识到
参考例句:
  • She awakened to the sound of birds singing. 她醒来听到鸟的叫声。
  • The public has been awakened to the full horror of the situation. 公众完全意识到了这一状况的可怕程度。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 imprisoned bc7d0bcdd0951055b819cfd008ef0d8d     
下狱,监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • He was imprisoned for two concurrent terms of 30 months and 18 months. 他被判处30个月和18个月的监禁,合并执行。
  • They were imprisoned for possession of drugs. 他们因拥有毒品而被监禁。
9 assassinated 0c3415de7f33014bd40a19b41ce568df     
v.暗杀( assassinate的过去式和过去分词 );中伤;诋毁;破坏
参考例句:
  • The prime minister was assassinated by extremists. 首相遭极端分子暗杀。
  • Then, just two days later, President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. 跟着在两天以后,肯尼迪总统在达拉斯被人暗杀。 来自辞典例句
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TAG标签:   英语听力  听力教程  英语学习
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