国家地理 伊朗的波斯游牧民为什么逐渐消失(4)

The hard work, the lack of rights, and the knowledge that other Iranian women have easier lives have made many nomadic¹ women agents of change. Mahnaz Gheybpour, 41, moved out of tents a decade ago. She and her husband migrate between two modest houses, one in the oil-rich province of Khuzestan, for winter, the other a place near Chelgard for the summer. "I won't let my daughters marry a nomad," she said. "Our lifestyle is horrible. I want them to live in a city and study."

艰苦的工作、缺乏权利以及了解到其他伊朗妇女很容易生活，都使得许多游牧妇女成为变革的推动者。41岁的玛赫纳兹·盖布尔10年前就搬出了帐篷，她和丈夫有两处简单的房子，一处在石油丰富的省份胡齐斯坦省过冬，另一处是在Chelgard附近的地方过夏天。她说：“我不让我的女儿嫁个游牧民，我们的生活方式太可怕，我让她们住在城里并读书。”

Gheybpour got married when she was 16. "I was a child," she said. "My 17-year-old daughter doesn't want to marry. She tells me, 'Why should I make my life miserable², like yours?' "

盖布尔结婚的时候只有16岁，她说：“我还是个孩子。我17岁的女儿不想结婚，她告诉我说，‘为什么我要让我的生活像你一样悲惨？’”

The gender³ issues are exacerbated⁴ by a 15-year-long drought that has dried up many of the main rivers and lakes and made it difficult for nomads⁵ to find water for their flocks. Increasing development has created fences, roads, and dams that now block passage.

性别问题因长达15年的干旱而加剧，许多主要河流和湖泊干涸，使得游牧民为他们的牲畜找水非常困难。日益增加的开发建设修起了围栏、公路和大坝，现在已经阻断了通道。

1 nomadic   

adj.流浪的；游牧的

参考例句：

• This tribe still live a nomadic life.这个民族仍然过着游牧生活。
• The plowing culture and the nomadic culture are two traditional principal cultures in China.农耕文化与游牧文化是我国传统的两大主体文化。

2 miserable   

adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的

参考例句：

• It was miserable of you to make fun of him.你取笑他，这是可耻的。
• Her past life was miserable.她过去的生活很苦。

3 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

4 exacerbated   

v.使恶化，使加重( exacerbate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The symptoms may be exacerbated by certain drugs. 这些症状可能会因为某些药物而加重。
• The drugs they gave her only exacerbated the pain. 他们给她吃的药只是加重了她的痛楚。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 nomads   

n.游牧部落的一员( nomad的名词复数 )；流浪者；游牧生活；流浪生活

参考例句：

• For ten years she dwelled among the nomads of North America. 她在北美游牧民中生活了十年。
• Nomads have inhabited this region for thousands of years. 游牧民族在这地区居住已有数千年了。 来自《简明英汉词典》