经济学人88:中国的外卖厨房-缅甸

 　　Myanmar

　　缅甸

　　Chinese takeaway kitchen

　　中国的外卖厨房

　　Three articles look at China’s influence in South-East Asia: first;resentment in Myanmar;second, Cambodian rivalries¹; third, Banyan² on the strategic implications

　　三篇文章都关注了中国在东南亚的影响问题：第一篇，缅甸之怨；第二篇，柬埔寨的对抗；第三篇是Banyan专栏关于战略意义的一篇文章。

　　WAIST-DEEP in the muddy water, hundreds ofpeople swirl³ their pans, scouring⁴ the black sediment⁵ for the sparkle of golddust. They have come from all over Myanmar to Kachin state, where the N’Mai andMali rivers merge⁶ to form the mighty⁷ Irrawaddy, knowing that a good day mayyield $1,000-worth of gold—and that time for gold-panning is running out.

　　在缅甸的克钦邦，恩梅开江和迈立开江交会成为浩荡的伊洛瓦底江。在齐腰深的浑浊的江水中，可以见到数百名淘金者晃动淘选盘，在黑色的沉淀物中仔细搜寻闪闪发光的金粒。这些人是从全国各地来到克钦邦的，他们知道，如果幸运的话，一天的淘金收入可以达到1000美金，但他们也清楚，淘金的时日已然不多。

　　Across the river, the corrugated-iron roofsof a prefabricated barracks glint in the midday sun. They house hundreds ofChinese labourers working on the Myitsone hydropower project. This, accordingto Myanmar’sgovernment, will be the sixth highest dam in the world, and generate 6,000MW ofelectricity a year. On completion in 2019, the dam will flood thegold-prospecting area and displace more than 10,000 people. All the electricitywill be exported to China.All the revenue will go to Myanmar’sgovernment. If an environmental and social impact study was conducted at all,it did not involve consulting the affected⁸ villagers.

　　在江对面，预制棚屋的波形铁皮屋顶在正午阳光的照耀下闪闪发光。在那些屋子里寓居着数百名修建密松水电站的中国劳工。缅甸政府表示，该水电站的大坝高程位列世界第六，每年能够发电6000兆瓦。2019年工程竣工后，大坝周边的金矿勘探地区将被淹没，并且还要转移1000人到其他地区。所有的电能将被输送到中国，而所有的收入将统统流入缅甸政府的钱袋。即使他们真地做了环境和社会影响研究的话，但那也并未涉及征询受影响村民意见的环节。

　　A local Catholic priest who led prayersagainst the dam says his parishioners were moved to a “model” village, intotiny houses on plots too small for cultivation⁹. The letters of concern he sentto Myanmar’sleaders went unanswered. He says he will stay in his historic church “till thewaters rise over the doorstep”.

　　当地的一个天主教神父曾组织过祷告活动，以抗议修建大坝，他表示他的教区居民被迁移到一个“模范”村，那里的房子非常小，而且房子周围的土地也很少，根本不适合耕种。他寄给缅甸领导人反映问题的信件，至今仍然未予回复。他表示他将呆在的那座历史上著名的教堂中，直到江水没过门阶。

　　Those displaced are not the only onesworrying about the project. The project abuts¹⁰ territory controlled by theKachin Independence Organisation¹² (KIO), one of a plethora¹³ of ethnicinsurgencies that have battled the central government for decades. Last yearseveral bombs exploded at the dam site and in May the KIO warned that if thedam were not stopped it would lead to civil war. The KIO’s armed wing recentlyengaged in skirmishes with government forces, despite a notional ceasefire.

　　那些移民并非只是对该工程表示担忧的唯一群体。该工程的毗邻地区处在克钦独立组织（KIO）的控制之下，而在过去几十年中，众多部落叛军团体纷纷与中央政府为敌，这个组织只是其中的一员。去年，数枚炸弹在坝址引爆，五月份克钦独立组织（KIO）又警告说，如果大坝不停工，将引发内战。尽管在名义上已经达成停火，但克钦独立组织（KIO）的武装派别近来多次与政府军发生小规模冲突。

　　The KIO was banned from last year’selection in Myanmarbecause it refused to let its fighters join the government’s “border securityforce”. Its threat came as Myanmar’snewly installed “civilian” president, Thein Sein, a former general, embarked¹⁵ ona state visit to China.

　　克钦独立组织（KIO）被禁止参加去年的缅甸大选，因为它拒绝让自己的士兵加入政府组建的“边防安全部队”。当缅甸新近当选的“平民”总统登盛（以前做过将军）开始访问中国时，克钦独立组织（KIO）就蠢蠢欲动了。

　　China has a big stake in Myanmar.It is the country’s leading foreign investor¹⁶. Myitsone is one of manyhydropower, mining and infrastructure¹⁷ projects there. China’s mostambitious undertaking¹⁸ is a new deep-sea port for oil tankers¹⁹. Due forcompletion in 2013, it will take gas from Myanmar’soffshore Shwe field and will have the capacity to satisfy 10% of China’soil-import needs.

　　中国在缅甸拥有重大利益，是该国重要的外国投资者。密松水电站是中国在那里修建的众多水电站、矿产和基础设施工程之一。其中，中国所承揽的最为雄心勃勃的工程是一个深海油轮码头，它将在2013年竣工，届时它将负责转运缅甸近海丹瑞气田的天然气，而且将能够满足10%的中国石油进口需求。

　　These close ties are not entirelycomfortable for either side. Between 1mand 2m Chinese citizens have movedinto northern Myanmar.They dominate the jade-and-gem trade, push up land prices and flaunt²⁰ theirwealth in Mandalayand Myitkyina, where all the posh cars have Chinese number plates. Localresentment is growing. Church leaders in Myitkyina say Chinese people make upmore than half the population. Many Burmese say their northern states are likea Chinese province.

　　这些紧密联系没有让双方完全满意。有一百万到二百万中国人已经迁移到了缅甸北部。在曼德勒和密支那，他们垄断了玉石贸易，推高了土地价格，还经常炫耀自己的财富。在这两个城市，所有的豪华车都挂着中国的车牌。当地人的怨气变得越来越大。密支那的宗教领袖表示，中国人占当地人口的多一半。许多缅甸人都说，他们的北部各邦俨然就是中国的一个省份。

　　China,for its part, worries about the security of its investments and people. In thepast it has leaned on Myanmar’sleaders to prevent fighting between the army and the ethnic¹⁴ insurgencies. Whenconflict broke out in 2009 with the Kokang, an ethnic-Han-Chinese minority,37,000 people fled to China,provoking sharp criticism of the Burmese junta²¹.

　　中国方面则担心其投资和人员的安全。在过去，中国一直依赖缅甸领导人来阻止军队和部落叛军之间的冲突。在2009年，当少数族裔汉族与果敢爆发冲突时，37000人逃往中国，缅甸军政府受到强烈批评。

　　As its economic interests have grown, China has pressed for more access to Myanmar’sharbours and territorial²² waters, to monitor the security of the new port andpipelines, and to keep an eye out for pirates. But this is a neuralgic issuefor a country with a deep-seated suspicion of its powerful northern neighbour.

　　随着经济利益不断增长，中国也迫切要求从缅甸获得更多的港口和领海的使用权，以监控新码头和管线的安全，并密切注视海盗的行踪。但是对于一个对其强大的北部邻国拥有根深蒂固的疑虑的国家来说，这无疑是一个令人大伤脑筋的问题。

　　Myanmar’s xenophobic leaders are trying to reduce their dependence¹¹ on China by playing it off against Indiaand the West. But India hasbeen slow in trying to gain a toehold, while Americaand the European Union have recently extended sanctions on Myanmar. Theseinclude America’sembargo on backing loans from the World Bank, which would impose higherenvironmental and other standards on big infrastructure projects such asMyitsone.

　　缅甸仇外的领导人试图在中国与印度和西方国家之间挑拨离间，以减少对中国的依赖。但是印度在设法获得立脚点方面动作迟缓，而美国和欧盟却在近来延长了对缅甸的制裁期限。制裁措施中包括美国限制缅甸从世行获得支持贷款的禁令，这将令大型基建工程如密松水坝不得不接受更为苛刻的环境和其他标准。

　　So the regime is being drawn²³ into China’sorbit as much from necessity as choice. That does not make China any morepopular. In the words of an old Burmese monk²⁴: “We are China’skitchen. They take what they like and leave us with the rubbish.”

　　所以缅甸被纳入中国的毂中，这既出于形势发展需要，又是自己审慎的选择。而中国并未因此而受到多少欢迎，用一个缅甸的老和尚的话说就是：“我们是中国的厨房，他们任取所需，而留给我们的只有垃圾”。

1 rivalries   

n.敌对，竞争，对抗( rivalry的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The new government was torn by rivalries. 新政府由于各派对立而四分五裂。 来自辞典例句
• Rivalries could bring about pain and hatred or give rise to fighting. 竞争会带来痛苦、仇恨，或者引起争斗。 来自互联网

2 banyan   

n.菩提树，榕树

参考例句：

• This huge banyan tree has a history of more than 400 years.这棵大榕树已经有四百多年的历史了。
• A large banyan tree may look like a forest.大型的榕树看起来象一片树林。

3 swirl   

v.(使)打漩，(使)涡卷；n.漩涡，螺旋形

参考例句：

• The car raced roughly along in a swirl of pink dust.汽车在一股粉红色尘土的漩涡中颠簸着快速前进。
• You could lie up there,watching the flakes swirl past.你可以躺在那儿，看着雪花飘飘。

4 scouring   

擦[洗]净，冲刷，洗涤

参考例句：

• The police are scouring the countryside for the escaped prisoners. 警察正在搜索整个乡村以捉拿逃犯。
• This is called the scouring train in wool processing. 这被称为羊毛加工中的洗涤系列。

5 sediment   

n.沉淀，沉渣，沉积(物)

参考例句：

• The sediment settled and the water was clear.杂质沉淀后，水变清了。
• Sediment begins to choke the channel's opening.沉积物开始淤塞河道口。

6 merge   

v.(使)结合，(使)合并，(使)合为一体

参考例句：

• I can merge my two small businesses into a large one.我可以将我的两家小商店合并为一家大商行。
• The directors have decided to merge the two small firms together.董事们已决定把这两家小商号归并起来。

7 mighty   

adj.强有力的；巨大的

参考例句：

• A mighty force was about to break loose.一股巨大的力量即将迸发而出。
• The mighty iceberg came into view.巨大的冰山出现在眼前。

8 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

9 cultivation   

n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成

参考例句：

• The cultivation in good taste is our main objective.培养高雅情趣是我们的主要目标。
• The land is not fertile enough to repay cultivation.这块土地不够肥沃，不值得耕种。

10 abuts   

v.（与…）邻接( abut的第三人称单数 )；（与…）毗连；接触；倚靠

参考例句：

• His land abuts onto a road. 他的土地紧靠公路。
• This piece of land abuts on a street. 这块土地毗连着一条街。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 dependence   

n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属

参考例句：

• Doctors keep trying to break her dependence of the drug.医生们尽力使她戒除毒瘾。
• He was freed from financial dependence on his parents.他在经济上摆脱了对父母的依赖。

12 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

13 plethora   

n.过量，过剩

参考例句：

• Java comes with a plethora of ready-made types.Java配套提供了数量众多的现成类型。
• A plethora of new operators will be allowed to enter the market.大批新的运营商将获准进入该市场。

14 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

15 embarked   

乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 )； 装载； 从事

参考例句：

• We stood on the pier and watched as they embarked. 我们站在突码头上目送他们登船。
• She embarked on a discourse about the town's origins. 她开始讲本市的起源。

16 investor   

n.投资者，投资人

参考例句：

• My nephew is a cautious investor.我侄子是个小心谨慎的投资者。
• The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。

17 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

18 undertaking   

n.保证，许诺，事业

参考例句：

• He gave her an undertaking that he would pay the money back with in a year.他向她做了一年内还钱的保证。
• He is too timid to venture upon an undertaking.他太胆小，不敢从事任何事业。

19 tankers   

运送大量液体或气体的轮船[卡车]( tanker的名词复数 )； 油轮； 罐车； 油槽车

参考例句：

• They should stop offloading waste from oil tankers into the sea. 他们应当停止从油轮上往海里倾倒废弃物。
• The harbour admits large tankers and freighters. 这个港口容得下巨型油船和货轮。

20 flaunt   

vt.夸耀，夸饰

参考例句：

• His behavior was an outrageous flaunt.他的行为是一种无耻的炫耀。
• Why would you flaunt that on a public forum?为什么你们会在公共论坛大肆炫耀？

21 junta   

n.团体；政务审议会

参考例句：

• The junta reacted violently to the perceived threat to its authority.军政府感到自身权力受威胁而进行了激烈反击。
• A military junta took control of the country.一个军政权控制了国家。

22 territorial   

adj.领土的，领地的

参考例句：

• The country is fighting to preserve its territorial integrity.该国在为保持领土的完整而进行斗争。
• They were not allowed to fish in our territorial waters.不允许他们在我国领海捕鱼。

23 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

24 monk   

n.和尚，僧侣，修道士

参考例句：

• The man was a monk from Emei Mountain.那人是峨眉山下来的和尚。
• Buddhist monk sat with folded palms.和尚合掌打坐。