科技动态:消毒剂会使细菌更加猖狂吗?

Now from the Boston Museum of Science, Scitech Today on NECN.

有线新闻波士顿消息。

Well, you may have heard the myth, but do all of those antibacterial products really make bacteria stronger? Joining us now from the Museum of Science, Boston is Dr. Duane Hill. Good to have you here.

我们都听说过关于抗菌产品的传说，抗菌产品真的只是会使细菌进化得更加强大吗？来自波士顿科技馆的博士Duane Hill将向我们做详细介绍。你好。

Oh good morning. How are you?

观众们上午好，主持人你好。

I'm good. So are we talking about, you know, what you spray on your kitchen counter and wipe up?

你好。我们需要谈论的是喷洒在厨房台面然后再擦掉的消毒剂吗？

Sort of, I mean, a lot of those common household disinfectants, ur, that we think of things like Lysol or even things like wet wipes, things like that, have disinfectants in them. There's one research. There's one piece of research that was on in Ireland not too long ago, looked at a common disinfectant called benzalkonium chloride which is the disinfectant that we find in wet wipes, things like Lysol and a lot of those products, even cosmetics¹ that we use everyday.

某种程度上说，是的。我是说一般的家用除菌用品比如煤酚皂溶液，湿纸巾这类用品都含有消毒剂。有一项研究，也就是不久前爱尔兰的一项研究显示在湿纸巾，煤酚皂溶液这类产品，甚至是每天都可能用到的化妆品中存在一种名叫氯化苯甲烃铵的物质。

Ok,and the findings are interesting.It was actually making the bacteria grow stronger.

好的，这项研究结果很有趣，因为这些物质可以促进细菌的生长。

Exactly. What they did was they exposed these bacteria, a kind of bacterium² called Pseudomonas, it causes a lot of different health conditions in humans. They exposed these bacteria to this benzalkonium chloride, this just infecting for only about a month. And what they found was that the bacteria became not only more resistant³ to the disinfectant itself but also to the antibiotic⁴ Sypro. So the bacteria kind of got a two for one learning by being exposed to this common disinfectant.

没错，研究人员找到一种名为假单胞菌的细菌，一种能引起人类疾病的细菌。研究人员将这种细菌与氯化苯甲烃铵相互接触。仅仅一个月的时间，研究人员发现这些细菌的抗药性就增强了，甚至能对抗抗生素。因此，暴露在抗菌药物下，细菌反而生长得更加旺盛。

And why does that happen?

那么，为什么会这样呢？

Well, I mean, when you think about it, a lot of the things that we have at our disposal, disinfectants, antibiotics⁵ are poisons from the point of view of the bacteria. And bacteria have these little things calls efflux pumps. Just little pumps that the cells use, we actually use them ourselves, different ones to pump poisons out of their cells. And what they think was happening is that the bacteria that could figure out how to defend themselves against this disinfectant also use those same pumps to protect themselves against the antibiotic sypro.

当我们想要对付细菌的时候，有很多选择。消毒剂，抗生素都是细菌的天敌。细菌细胞有一种叫做外排泵的功能，和我们人类的基本相同，都是将有毒物质排出机体的功能。正如人体细胞，细菌细胞同样能对抗抗细菌产品甚至是抗生素，把它们排出体外以保护自己。

Does that mean you should throw away your little wet wipes?

这是说我们要扔点湿纸巾这些产品吗？

Absolutely not. No one is saying that we should stop using disinfectants. Disinfectants are really important part of our arsenal⁶ against bacteria. But I think what the research is suggesting is that physicians, public health professionals, we ourselves need to kinda think about what some of the side-effects might be from these disinfectants and not just grab them and use them so indiscriminately. We need to kind of think about it.

当然不是，没有人说我们不能够实用抗细菌产品。抗细菌产品是我们对抗细菌的有效武器。但我认为这项研究想要做的是提示医生们，以及所有的卫生行业从业者们，我们不能不加选择地一味使用抗菌产品而忽视它的副作用，我们应当适当地考虑一下。

Woo it's interesting, Dr. Duane Hill, thank you so much for joining us this morning.

很有趣，Duane Hill博士，谢谢你的介绍。

Oh, my pleasure!

不客气！

And you'll be sure to join us every Thursday morning at this time for Scitech Today. You can also log on to the Museum of Science website at MOS.ORG

欢迎每周四早上准时收看Scitech Today，或者关注我们的网站mos.org。

1 cosmetics   

n.化妆品

参考例句：

• We sell a wide range of cosmetics at a very reasonable price. 我们以公道的价格出售各种化妆品。
• Cosmetics do not always cover up the deficiencies of nature. 化妆品未能掩饰天生的缺陷。

2 bacterium   

n.(pl.)bacteria 细菌

参考例句：

• The bacterium possibly goes in the human body by the mouth.细菌可能通过口进入人体。
• A bacterium is identified as the cause for his duodenal ulcer.一种细菌被断定为造成他十二指肠溃疡的根源。

3 resistant   

adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的

参考例句：

• Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
• They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。

4 antibiotic   

adj.抗菌的；n.抗生素

参考例句：

• The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
• Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。

5 antibiotics   

n.（用作复数）抗生素；（用作单数）抗生物质的研究；抗生素，抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
• The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。

6 arsenal   

n.兵工厂，军械库

参考例句：

• Even the workers at the arsenal have got a secret organization.兵工厂工人暗中也有组织。
• We must be the great arsenal of democracy.我们必须成为民主的大军火库。