疯狂情景会话真功夫 59.Hoistory of Harvard

Harvard University, which celebrated¹ its 350th anniversary in 1986,
[00:02.98]哈佛大学于1986年庆祝建校三百五十周年。
[00:05.96]is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.
[00:08.07]它是美国历史最悠久的高等学府，
[00:10.19]Founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth,
[00:12.21]哈佛建立于第一批欧洲移民踏上美洲大陆来到普利茅斯的十六年后，
[00:14.24]the University has grown from 9 students with a single master to an enrollment² of more than 18,000 degree candidates,
[00:18.29]一开始它只有九名学生、一名硕士生，现在包括在校本科生与其他学生在内共有一万八千多人，
[00:22.33]including undergraduates, and students in 10 graduate and professional schools.
[00:24.86]有十所研究院与专业学院，
[00:27.38]An additional 13,000 students are enrolled³ in one or more courses at the Harvard Extension School.
[00:30.52]在哈佛的分校中，还有一万三千名学生在哈佛分校选修了一门或多门课程。
[00:33.67]Over 14,000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,000 faculty⁴.
[00:36.73]哈佛共有一万四千名工作人员，其中有两千多名教职人员，
[00:39.78]There are more than 7,000 faculty appointments in affiliated⁵ teaching hospitals.
[00:42.51]在教学为目的的附属医院中还有七千多名职员工。
[00:45.24]Six presidents of the United States John Adams, John Quincy Adams,
[00:47.95]哈佛产生了约翰·亚当斯、约翰·昆西·亚当斯，
[00:50.65]Theodore and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Rutherford B. Hayes, and John Fitzgerald Kennedy - were graduates of Harvard.
[00:54.44]西奥多及富兰克林·德来诺·罗斯福、罗斯福德·B·海斯和约翰·弗斯杰罗德·肯尼迪六位美国总统，
[00:58.23]Its facutly have produced 34 Nobel Laureates.
[01:00.55]并产生了三十四位诺贝尔将获得者。
[01:02.88]Harvard College was established in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony,
[01:06.90]哈佛大学建立于1636年，由当时的马塞诸塞湾殖民地选举产生。
[01:10.92]and was named for its first benefactor⁶, John Harvard of Charlestown, a young minister who upon his death in 1638,
[01:15.49]学校是以它的第一个捐赠者查里斯顿郡的约翰·哈佛命名的。约翰·哈佛是一位年轻的牧师，1638年他去世的时候，
[01:20.07]left his library and half his estate to the new institution.
[01:22.12]将他的藏书以及地产的一半捐赠给这所新建的学校。
[01:24.17]During its early years, the College offered a classic academic course based on the English University model but consistent with the prevailing⁷ Puritan philosophy of the first colonists⁸.
[01:30.45]在建校之初，课程设置依循英国大学的模式，以传统的学院式的课程为主。但又与当时美洲盛行的第一批移民的清教思想相一致。
[01:36.73]Although many of its early graduates became ministers in Puritan congregations throughout New England,
[01:39.81]尽管许多早期的毕业生成为新英格兰清教教会的牧师，
[01:42.90]the college never formally affiliated with a specific religious denomination⁹.
[01:45.93]哈佛大学从没有正式与任何一种宗教信仰建立联系。
[01:48.96]Under president Pusey (1953-71), Harvard undertook what was then the largest fundraising campaign in the history of American higher education,
[01:54.46]在蒲西校长在职的1853年至1971年间，哈佛进行了美国高校历史上最大的筹款活动。
[01:59.95]the $82.5 million Program for Harvard College. The Program strengthened faculty salaries,
[02:04.28]共筹得八千两百五十万美元。这项活动提高了教师工资，
[02:08.60]broadened student aid, created new professorships, and expanded Harvard’s physical facilities.
[02:11.83]增加了学生资助项目，设置了新的教授职位，
[02:15.05]A similar but greatly expanded fundraising effort, the Harvard Campaign (1979-84),
[02:18.70]增设了哈佛的体育设施。另一项类似然而更广泛的筹款活动——哈佛运动于1979年-1984年间展开，
[02:22.34]was conducted under the leadership of Derek Bok (1971-91) and raised $356 million by the end of 1984.
[02:28.08]当时的领导人是德里克·福德（1971-91），到1984年底共筹得三亿五千六百万美元。
[02:33.81]Neil L.Rudenstine took office as Harvard’s 26th president in 1991.
[02:37.10]内尔·L·瑞丁斯坦是哈佛的第二十六任校长，于1991年上任。
[02:40.39]As part of an overall effort to achieve greater coordination¹⁰ among the University’s schools and faculties¹¹,
[02:43.96]为了加强院系之间的合作，
[02:47.52]Rudenstine set in motion an intensive process of University-wide academic planning,
[02:50.88]瑞丁斯坦大力号召展开一系列全校范围内的大规模学术计划活动，
[02:54.24]intended to identify some of Harvard’s main intellectual and programmatic priorities.
[02:57.40]以加强哈佛主要的学术研究与突出项目。
[03:00.56]Those have become an integral part of the current five-year capital campaign.
[03:03.46]这些活动成为美国现行5年计划的重要组成部分。
[03:06.36]In addition, Rudenstine has stressed the University’s commitment to excellence¹² in undergraduate education,
[03:09.84]而且，瑞丁斯坦强调哈佛应致力于提高学生教育，
[03:13.33]the importance of keeping Harvard’s doors open to students from across the economic spectrum¹³,
[03:16.17]强调哈佛的大门应向各个经济层的学生敞开，
[03:19.00]the task of adapting the research university to an era of both rapid information growth and serious financial constraints¹⁴,
[03:23.04]大学应适应新纪元中信息迅速增长以及经济局势严峻的要求，
[03:27.07]and the challenge of living together in a diverse community committed to freedom of expression.
[03:30.64]迎接多元性社会团体坚持言论自由的挑战。

1 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

2 enrollment   

n.注册或登记的人数；登记

参考例句：

• You will be given a reading list at enrollment.注册时你会收到一份阅读书目。
• I just got the enrollment notice from Fudan University.我刚刚接到复旦大学的入学通知书。

3 enrolled   

adj.入学登记了的v.[亦作enrol]( enroll的过去式和过去分词 )；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起

参考例句：

• They have been studying hard from the moment they enrolled. 从入学时起，他们就一直努力学习。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He enrolled with an employment agency for a teaching position. 他在职业介绍所登了记以谋求一个教师的职位。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 faculty   

n.才能；学院，系；(学院或系的)全体教学人员

参考例句：

• He has a great faculty for learning foreign languages.他有学习外语的天赋。
• He has the faculty of saying the right thing at the right time.他有在恰当的时候说恰当的话的才智。

5 affiliated   

adj. 附属的, 有关连的

参考例句：

• The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
• All affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。

6 benefactor   

n. 恩人，行善的人，捐助人

参考例句：

• The chieftain of that country is disguised as a benefactor this time. 那个国家的首领这一次伪装出一副施恩者的姿态。
• The first thing I did, was to recompense my original benefactor, my good old captain. 我所做的第一件事, 就是报答我那最初的恩人, 那位好心的老船长。

7 prevailing   

adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的

参考例句：

• She wears a fashionable hair style prevailing in the city.她的发型是这个城市流行的款式。
• This reflects attitudes and values prevailing in society.这反映了社会上盛行的态度和价值观。

8 colonists   

n.殖民地开拓者，移民，殖民地居民( colonist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Colonists from Europe populated many parts of the Americas. 欧洲的殖民者移居到了美洲的许多地方。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Some of the early colonists were cruel to the native population. 有些早期移居殖民地的人对当地居民很残忍。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 denomination   

n.命名，取名，(度量衡、货币等的)单位

参考例句：

• The firm is still operating under another denomination.这家公司改用了名称仍在继续营业。
• Litre is a metric denomination.升是公制单位。

10 coordination   

n.协调，协作

参考例句：

• Gymnastics is a sport that requires a considerable level of coordination.体操是一项需要高协调性的运动。
• The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好，使演出更具魅力。

11 faculties   

n.能力( faculty的名词复数 )；全体教职员；技巧；院

参考例句：

• Although he's ninety, his mental faculties remain unimpaired. 他虽年届九旬，但头脑仍然清晰。
• All your faculties have come into play in your work. 在你的工作中，你的全部才能已起到了作用。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 excellence   

n.优秀，杰出，(pl.)优点，美德

参考例句：

• His art has reached a high degree of excellence.他的艺术已达到炉火纯青的地步。
• My performance is far below excellence.我的表演离优秀还差得远呢。

13 spectrum   

n.谱，光谱，频谱；范围，幅度，系列

参考例句：

• This is a kind of atomic spectrum.这是一种原子光谱。
• We have known much of the constitution of the solar spectrum.关于太阳光谱的构成，我们已了解不少。

14 constraints   

强制( constraint的名词复数 )； 限制； 约束

参考例句：

• Data and constraints can easily be changed to test theories. 信息库中的数据和限制条件可以轻易地改变以检验假设。 来自英汉非文学 - 科学史
• What are the constraints that each of these imply for any design? 这每种产品的要求和约束对于设计意味着什么？ 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓