美国国家公共电台 NPR How Rudy Giuliani Landed A Role At The Center Of The Ukraine Affair

 

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

We have the story of a central figure in the Ukraine affair. We are reviewing the history of Rudolph Giuliani, the president's personal lawyer. He is an oversized figure in public debate, as he has been for decades.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: One of the world's greatest news sources, Mr. Rudolph Giuliani.

INSKEEP: So said a journalist who introduced Giuliani at the National Press Club in 1987. He was the U.S. attorney in Manhattan whose cases included prosecuting¹ mafia figures.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: What advice do you give to witnesses who feel intimidated³?

RUDY GIULIANI: This is not a game. You're dealing⁴ with people who still take out guns and shoot people down in the middle of Manhattan in the middle of the rush hour.

INSKEEP: His battles against men who thought they could shoot someone and get away with it brought him fame. People compared him to the Prohibition-era crime fighter Eliot Ness.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: Will you be: A, FBI director; B, attorney general; C, senator or D, governor?

(LAUGHTER)

GIULIANI: No, no, maybe, maybe.

(LAUGHTER)

INSKEEP: Who is the man who saw those opportunities in 1987? We've been talking with people who've known him. Though not all agreed to be recorded, they had differing perspectives on Giuliani, and they include a lawyer who was once a close friend.

JEFFREY HARRIS: My name is Jeffrey Harris. And I was the deputy associate attorney general when Rudy was associate attorney general. Prior to that, we were assistant U.S. attorneys in the Southern District of New York.

INSKEEP: Giuliani was a junior federal prosecutor⁵ in the 1970s and sometimes ate dinner with Harris several times per week.

What was he like as a prosecutor?

HARRIS: I think it was pretty well by consensus⁶ that Rudy was among the very, very best - the top two or three.

INSKEEP: Was he ambitious?

HARRIS: I think that's the wrong way to put it. I would say at that period his ambition was to win his cases.

INSKEEP: In 1981, President Ronald Reagan brought him to Washington. Then Reagan returned Giuliani to New York as U.S. attorney, the top federal prosecutor there. Giuliani's deputies included a future director of the FBI. James Comey writes of Giuliani in his memoir⁷.

JAMES COMEY: (Reading) As a young prosecutor, I found his brash style exciting, which is part of what drew me to his office. I loved it that my boss was on magazine covers, standing⁸ on the courthouse steps with his hands on his hips⁹, as if he ruled the world. It fired me up.

INSKEEP: Comey writes that Giuliani got so much attention, in part, because he demanded it.

COMEY: (Reading) The most dangerous place in New York is between Rudy and a microphone.

INSKEEP: Attention-grabbing but effective, a U.S. attorney manages other prosecutors¹⁰ who argue cases in court. But friends recall Giuliani boldly argued big cases himself. As his fame grew, in 1989, he ran as a Republican for mayor of his Democratic home city.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

GIULIANI: I've just spoken to Mayor-elect David Dinkins.

(BOOING)

GIULIANI: No, no, no.

INSKEEP: When Giuliani lost and his supporters booed the victor, Giuliani told them to stop.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

GIULIANI: Quiet. Quiet. I can be tough. The other part is sometimes more difficult, but I assure you, I'm also nice.

INSKEEP: He didn't give up, running four years later and winning the mayor's office. His then-wife, Donna Hanover, voiced one of his campaign ads.

(SOUNDBITE OF POLITICAL AD)

DONNA HANOVER: Integrity - that's the first quality that comes to mind when I think of Rudy.

INSKEEP: Mayor Giuliani was both popular and divisive. He was a strong manager whose many demands made enemies. He oversaw¹² a reduction in crime, but people of color found many policies biased¹³. A New Yorker named Margarita Rosario spoke¹¹ up for her son and nephew killed in a confrontation¹⁴ with police.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

MARGARITA ROSARIO: The mayor of New York City, who is a racism¹⁵ (ph) himself and continues to partake in the abuse of our sons, fathers, brothers and daughters.

INSKEEP: Under Giuliani, police cracked down on minor¹⁶ offenses¹⁷ like panhandling, which caused deep divisions when offenders¹⁸ were black and police white. The mayor leaned into such divisive fights. By the end of two terms, his popularity was fading. But then broadcast networks spread the news of an attack on Sept. 11, 2001.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: Oh, my God. Another plane has just hit another building. It flew right into the middle of it.

INSKEEP: The mayor met reporters near the wreckage¹⁹ of the World Trade Center.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

GIULIANI: People tonight should say a prayer for the people that we've lost and be grateful that we're all here. And tomorrow - you know, tomorrow New York is going to be here, and we're going to rebuild. And we're going to be stronger than we were before.

INSKEEP: Giuliani left office a national hero for his leadership. His reputation then helped him launch a career in the private sector²⁰. He marketed his crime-fighting and management expertise²¹ through a firm called Giuliani Partners. He brought along former deputies from New York's government.

BERNARD KERIK: My name is Bernard Kerik. I'm the 40th police commissioner²² of the city of New York.

INSKEEP: Kerik was a onetime police detective who had volunteered for Giuliani's mayoral campaign. Giuliani, famously loyal, promoted him and kept him close. They served as security consultants²³ to foreign governments, like the leaders of Mexico City.

KERIK: I think you're paying for experience. You're paying for a reputation and successes of the Giuliani administration. So when people look at Giuliani and they are looking for the same types of programs or success or just those types of achievements in foreign countries, they're going to call somebody that's actually done it.

INSKEEP: Eventually, Giuliani recommended Kerik to serve as President Bush's Homeland Security secretary. He quickly failed a background check and later went to prison for lying to White House officials and tax fraud. But Kerik says Giuliani remains²⁴ his friend, and they still meet for dinner. In 2008, Giuliani ran for president, suffering a defeat that seemed to end his political career. But he remained a big name when he supported another New Yorker in 2016.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

GIULIANI: If you want change and you want to make America great again, who do you vote for?

(CHEERING)

INSKEEP: Campaigning for Donald Trump²⁵ in 2016, Giuliani made an accusation²⁶. He alleged²⁷ that Secretary of State Hillary Clinton had perverted²⁸ U.S. diplomacy²⁹ for personal gain.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

GIULIANI: Boy, oh, boy. She turned the State Department so corrupt³⁰. Pay money. Get access. Pay money. Get favors. Pay a lot of money. Get big favors. You know what you call that? Bribery³¹.

INSKEEP: As Trump rode to victory, Giuliani offered advice. One piece of that advice seems especially meaningful now in light of recent events - his advice on the Muslim ban.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: Donald J. Trump is calling for a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States.

INSKEEP: Even fellow Republicans denounced that as an unconstitutional ban on a religion, but Giuliani told Fox News he helped to improve it.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

GIULIANI: When he first announced it, he said Muslim ban. He called me up. He said, put a commission together. Show me the right way to do it legally.

INSKEEP: The ex-mayor worked to narrow the Muslim ban to a few countries that were seen as dangerous, so it could be rebranded as a normal anti-terrorism measure. After Trump took office, Giuliani served as his personal lawyer. He kept serving foreign clients, too. A witness tells us Giuliani met clients at a restaurant inside the Trump Hotel in Washington. Some were from Ukraine, where he started doing business in 2017. One of his companies signed a security contract with the Ukrainian city of Kharkiv. It's the home city of anti-corruption³² activist³³ Daria Kaleniuk.

DARIA KALENIUK: Unfortunately, the city is not lucky, and the current mayor of the city has roots to organized crime and grand corruption.

INSKEEP: Kaleniuk says Giuliani met a range of people with checkered³⁴ reputations, including two businessmen who've since been indicted³⁵.

KALENIUK: I was very much surprised because I had a feeling that Rudy Giuliani was a good guy, a prominent mayor of New York. And I wouldn't expect such kind of person to meet the most toxic³⁶ people in Ukraine, which have ties to organized crime and links to Russia.

INSKEEP: These are among the sources Giuliani relied upon as he sought investigations³⁸.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

GORDON SONDLAND: President Trump directed us to, quote, "talk with Rudy."

INSKEEP: Gordon Sondland and William Taylor are among the U.S. diplomats³⁹ who have testified to Giuliani's role.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

WILLIAM TAYLOR: The investigation³⁷ of Burisma and the Bidens was clearly identified by Mr. Giuliani in public for months.

INSKEEP: Giuliani's efforts led up to President Trump's July 25 phone call, the one in which he asked for investigations of a political rival. Giuliani and his client justified⁴⁰ this through the way that they branded it, much as they once branded the Muslim ban. Don't call it a probe of Democratic candidate Joe Biden. Call it a probe of corruption.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

TRUMP: We have an obligation to investigate corruption. And that's what it was. In my opinion, that's what it was - is corruption.

INSKEEP: Some former friends are mystified by Giuliani's work for the president. One is his fellow former prosecutor, Jeffrey Harris.

HARRIS: You know, if I could get him in a candid⁴¹ moment where he'd really tell me what he thought, I'd ask him why he's doing this. What's going to be the first paragraph in his obituary⁴², if we sort of put it in those terms? You know, I'd say to him, Rudy, why did you take such an excellent career where you got accolades⁴³ every step along the way and associate yourself with the kinds of activities that - other than the hardcore Trump supporters, most people think you have become a joke.

INSKEEP: Some acquaintances suggest the onetime prosecutor changed. Yet our review of Giuliani's career reveals what has not changed - his energy, his fondness for divisive politics, his creative use of words, and his refusal to give up, all of which fit the style of his fellow New Yorker in the White House. Longtime friends insist Giuliani has been unfairly smeared⁴⁴. And his longtime friend, Bernard Kerik, rejects the idea that the ex-prosecutor did anything wrong.

KERIK: I think that's [expletive]. That's a complete [expletive] argument. The people that's responsible for this mess are the members of Congress that's putting on this scheme of an impeachment⁴⁵, this fraud of an impeachment argument.

INSKEEP: Though some around the president now blame Giuliani, he recently told NPR he should be a hero, that he deserves a medal. And he said this to Fox News.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

GIULIANI: I actually think they should all congratulate me because if it weren't for me, nobody would be - nobody would have uncovered and faced massive corruption by the vice² president of the United States. In fact, I'm a legitimate⁴⁶ whistleblower.

INSKEEP: Giuliani says the president would like him to give evidence to the Senate. But as they prepare for a possible impeachment trial, top Senate Republicans have indicated he is not a witness they need to hear.

1 prosecuting   

检举、告发某人( prosecute的现在分词 )； 对某人提起公诉； 继续从事（某事物）； 担任控方律师

参考例句：

• The witness was cross-examined by the prosecuting counsel. 证人接受控方律师的盘问。
• Every point made by the prosecuting attorney was telling. 检查官提出的每一点都是有力的。

2 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

3 intimidated   

v.恐吓；威胁adj.害怕的；受到威胁的

参考例句：

• We try to make sure children don't feel intimidated on their first day at school. 我们努力确保孩子们在上学的第一天不胆怯。
• The thief intimidated the boy into not telling the police. 这个贼恫吓那男孩使他不敢向警察报告。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

5 prosecutor   

n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人

参考例句：

• The defender argued down the prosecutor at the court.辩护人在法庭上驳倒了起诉人。
• The prosecutor would tear your testimony to pieces.检查官会把你的证言驳得体无完肤。

6 consensus   

n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识

参考例句：

• Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗？
• What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么？

7 memoir   

n.[pl.]回忆录，自传；记事录

参考例句：

• He has just published a memoir in honour of his captain.他刚刚出了一本传记来纪念他的队长。
• In her memoir,the actress wrote about the bittersweet memories of her first love.在那个女演员的自传中，她写到了自己苦乐掺半的初恋。

8 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

9 hips   

abbr.high impact polystyrene 高冲击强度聚苯乙烯，耐冲性聚苯乙烯n.臀部( hip的名词复数 )；[建筑学]屋脊；臀围（尺寸）；臀部…的

参考例句：

• She stood with her hands on her hips. 她双手叉腰站着。
• They wiggled their hips to the sound of pop music. 他们随着流行音乐的声音摇晃着臀部。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 prosecutors   

检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人

参考例句：

• In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed. 在有些地方，检察官是经选举而非任命产生的。 来自口语例句
• You've been summoned to the Prosecutors' Office, 2 days later. 你在两天以后被宣到了检察官的办公室。

11 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

12 oversaw   

v.监督，监视( oversee的过去式 )

参考例句：

• He will go down as the president who oversaw two historic transitions. 他将作为见证了巴西两次历史性转变的总统，安然引退。 来自互联网
• Dixon oversaw the project as creative director of Design Research Studio. 狄克逊监督项目的创意总监设计研究工作室。 来自互联网

13 biased   

a.有偏见的

参考例句：

• a school biased towards music and art 一所偏重音乐和艺术的学校
• The Methods: They employed were heavily biased in the gentry's favour. 他们采用的方法严重偏袒中上阶级。

14 confrontation   

n.对抗，对峙，冲突

参考例句：

• We can't risk another confrontation with the union.我们不能冒再次同工会对抗的危险。
• After years of confrontation,they finally have achieved a modus vivendi.在对抗很长时间后，他们最后达成安宁生存的非正式协议。

15 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。

16 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。

17 offenses   

n.进攻( offense的名词复数 )；（球队的）前锋；进攻方法；攻势

参考例句：

• It's wrong of you to take the child to task for such trifling offenses. 因这类小毛病责备那孩子是你的不对。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Thus, Congress cannot remove an executive official except for impeachable offenses. 因此，除非有可弹劾的行为，否则国会不能罢免行政官员。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法

18 offenders   

n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物）

参考例句：

• Long prison sentences can be a very effective deterrent for offenders. 判处长期徒刑可对违法者起到强有力的威慑作用。
• Purposeful work is an important part of the regime for young offenders. 使从事有意义的劳动是管理少年犯的重要方法。

19 wreckage   

n.（失事飞机等的）残骸，破坏，毁坏

参考例句：

• They hauled him clear of the wreckage.他们把他从形骸中拖出来。
• New states were born out of the wreckage of old colonial empires.新生国家从老殖民帝国的废墟中诞生。

20 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

21 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

22 commissioner   

n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员

参考例句：

• The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
• He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。

23 consultants   

顾问( consultant的名词复数 )； 高级顾问医生，会诊医生

参考例句：

• a firm of management consultants 管理咨询公司
• There're many consultants in hospital. 医院里有很多会诊医生。

24 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

25 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

26 accusation   

n.控告，指责，谴责

参考例句：

• I was furious at his making such an accusation.我对他的这种责备非常气愤。
• She knew that no one would believe her accusation.她知道没人会相信她的指控。

27 alleged   

a.被指控的，嫌疑的

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为

28 perverted   

adj.不正当的v.滥用( pervert的过去式和过去分词 )；腐蚀；败坏；使堕落

参考例句：

• Some scientific discoveries have been perverted to create weapons of destruction. 某些科学发明被滥用来生产毁灭性武器。
• sexual acts, normal and perverted 正常的和变态的性行为

29 diplomacy   

n.外交；外交手腕，交际手腕

参考例句：

• The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
• This was done through the skill in diplomacy. 这是通过外交手腕才做到的。

30 corrupt   

v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的

参考例句：

• The newspaper alleged the mayor's corrupt practices.那家报纸断言市长有舞弊行为。
• This judge is corrupt.这个法官贪污。

31 bribery   

n.贿络行为，行贿，受贿

参考例句：

• FBI found out that the senator committed bribery.美国联邦调查局查明这个参议员有受贿行为。
• He was charged with bribery.他被指控受贿。

32 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

33 activist   

n.活动分子，积极分子

参考例句：

• He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
• He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。

34 checkered   

adj.有方格图案的

参考例句：

• The ground under the trees was checkered with sunlight and shade.林地光影交错。
• He’d had a checkered past in the government.他过去在政界浮沉。

35 indicted   

控告，起诉( indict的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The senator was indicted for murder. 那位参议员被控犯谋杀罪。
• He was indicted by a grand jury on two counts of murder. 他被大陪审团以两项谋杀罪名起诉。

36 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

37 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

38 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

39 diplomats   

n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人

参考例句：

• These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
• The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

40 justified   

a.正当的，有理的

参考例句：

• She felt fully justified in asking for her money back. 她认为有充分的理由要求退款。
• The prisoner has certainly justified his claims by his actions. 那个囚犯确实已用自己的行动表明他的要求是正当的。

41 candid   

adj.公正的，正直的；坦率的

参考例句：

• I cannot but hope the candid reader will give some allowance for it.我只有希望公正的读者多少包涵一些。
• He is quite candid with his friends.他对朋友相当坦诚。

42 obituary   

n.讣告，死亡公告；adj.死亡的

参考例句：

• The obituary records the whole life of the deceased.讣文记述了这位死者的生平。
• Five days after the letter came,he found Andersen s obituary in the morning paper.收到那封信五天后，他在早报上发现了安德森的讣告。

43 accolades   

n.（连结几行谱表的）连谱号( accolade的名词复数 )；嘉奖；（窗、门上方的）桃尖拱形线脚；册封爵士的仪式（用剑面在肩上轻拍一下）

参考例句：

• Unlike other accolades for literature which tend to value style or experimentation. 有别于其他偏重风格活实验性的文学奖项。 来自互联网
• Build your trophy room while amassing awards and accolades. 建立您的奖杯积累奖项和荣誉。 来自互联网

44 smeared   

弄脏； 玷污； 涂抹； 擦上

参考例句：

• The children had smeared mud on the walls. 那几个孩子往墙上抹了泥巴。
• A few words were smeared. 有写字被涂模糊了。

45 impeachment   

n.弹劾；控告；怀疑

参考例句：

• Impeachment is considered a drastic measure in the United States.在美国，弹劾被视为一种非常激烈的措施。
• The verdict resulting from his impeachment destroyed his political career.他遭弹劾后得到的判决毁了他的政治生涯。

46 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。