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Patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery need implants¹ of new, healthy blood vessels³. So do those who receive repeated hemodialysis due to kidney failure. The best option is to use the patient's own veins⁴ or arteries⁵, but thousands of patients don't have resources available in their own bodies.

Now, scientists have demonstrated ready-to-use, bioengineered blood vessels made from human cells. The work appears in the journal Science Translational Medicine.

Lead author Shannon Dahl explained on the journal's podcast:"We start with human cells from a donor⁶. And we seed these cells onto a degradable polymeric scaffold…the cells proliferate⁷ and secrete⁸ extracellular matrix proteins, which are the proteins in your tissues that give your tissues strength. And during the time of culture, the polymer degrades away. The polymer that we use is actually the same type of polymer that's used in degradable sutures."

What's left is a functional⁹ blood vessel². The implants should not trigger an immune response, getting rid of one potential problem for recipients¹⁰. And the vessels can be stored for up to a year, so clinics could keep a supply of spare arteries and veins.

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1 implants
n.（植入身体中的）移植物( implant的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Hormone implants are used as growth boosters. 激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。来自《简明英汉词典》 Perhaps the most far-reaching project is an initiative called Living Implants From Engineering (LIFE). 也许最具深远意义的项目，是刚刚启动的建造活体移植工程 (LIFE)。来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 医学的第四次革命

2 vessel
n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管
参考例句：
The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。 You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。

3 vessels
n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人
参考例句：
The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。来自《简明英汉词典》 All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

4 veins
n.纹理；矿脉( vein的名词复数 )；静脉；叶脉；纹理
参考例句：
The blood flows from the capillaries back into the veins. 血从毛细血管流回静脉。来自《简明英汉词典》 I felt a pleasant glow in all my veins from the wine. 喝过酒后我浑身的血都热烘烘的，感到很舒服。来自《简明英汉词典》

5 arteries
n.动脉( artery的名词复数 )；干线，要道
参考例句：
Even grafting new blood vessels in place of the diseased coronary arteries has been tried. 甚至移植新血管代替不健康的冠状动脉的方法都已经试过。来自《简明英汉词典》 This is the place where the three main arteries of West London traffic met. 这就是伦敦西部三条主要交通干线的交汇处。来自《简明英汉词典》

6 donor
n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体
参考例句：
In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。 The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。

7 proliferate
vi.激增，(迅速)繁殖，增生
参考例句：
We must not proliferate nuclear arms.我们决不能扩散核武器。 Rabbits proliferate when they have plenty of food.兔子有充足的食物就会繁衍得很快。

8 secrete
vt.分泌；隐匿，使隐秘
参考例句：
The pores of your body secrete sweat.身上的毛孔分泌汗液。 Squirrels secrete a supply of nuts for winter.松鼠为准备过冬而藏坚果。

9 functional
adj.为实用而设计的，具备功能的，起作用的
参考例句：
The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了，但现在可以用了。 The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的，只是为了实用。

10 recipients
adj.接受的；受领的；容纳的；愿意接受的n.收件人；接受者；受领者；接受器
参考例句：
The recipients of the prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者的姓名登在报上。来自《简明英汉词典》 The recipients of prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者名单登在报上。来自《现代英汉综合大词典》