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科学美国人60秒 SSS 船只噪音干扰鱼儿学习

时间:2018-03-13 06:11来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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Boat Noise Means Fish Can't Learn Their Lessons

If you've ever gone snorkeling or scuba1 diving—you know how peaceful it sounds under there…... aside from the crackling sound of snapping shrimp2.

你如果浮潜或者潜过水,就会知道水下听起来有多么平静……除了噼啪作响的虾。

Compare that to a reef with boat traffic. Not quite as calming. And it gets on undersea creatures' nerves too: stressing out spiny3 lobsters4, slowing the development of sea slugs.

把这与船只往来的下暗礁进行比较。都不平静。同时,它也会影响海底生物的神经:给小龙虾施加压力,减缓海蛞蝓的生长。

And now scientists have found one more side-effect of noise: impaired5 learning abilities, for fish. The study is in the Proceedings6 of the Royal Society B.

现在科学家们又发现了噪音的另外一种副作用:破坏鱼的学习能力。这项研究发表在《英国皇家学会学报B》上。

Researchers started by teaching juvenile7 damselfish in the laboratory about the predators9 they'd encounter, once they settled on an Australian reef. The training consisted of injecting the damselfishes' tanks with seawater fouled10 with both the scent11 of a predator8, and alarm cues from injured damsel fish. A message that, hey, this predator smell? It means dead friends. Maybe dead you.

研究人员在实验室开始教这些热带小鱼它们会遇到的捕食者,前提是这些小鱼定居在澳大利亚的珊瑚礁上。这次训练包括给达塞尔鱼的水箱注入海水,使其与捕食者的气味浑浊,同时还有受伤的小鱼发出的警报。捕食者可以闻到的信息?这意味着死亡,也许是你。

To reinforce that lesson, they also lowered ziploc bags with the predators themselves into the damselfish's tanks, together with the scents12, to teach them: these guys are your enemies.

为了强化这一教训,他们还将带着捕食者的密封袋,连同这些气味一起放进了水槽中,来教导小郁们:这些家伙是你的敌人。

They conducted all this training to a soundtrack of peaceful reef sounds or with the added distraction13 of buzzing boat engines. And they found that fish that trained with normal reef sounds were suitably spooked by the scent of a predator, later on. But fish exposed to boat noise? Totally unphased.

他们进行了所有训练,播放宁静的珊瑚礁声,或者增加了嗡嗡作响的船只引擎的干扰。研究发现,在正常的礁石上训练的鱼,后来被捕食者的气味所惊吓。但是如果鱼暴露在船的噪音中呢?。结果完全相反。

"It appeared that the presence of boat noise was interfering14 with the learning process. So when later on we said 'hey, here's a predator, are you scared?' they didn't respond."

看来船上的噪音干扰了学习的过程。”所以当我们说“嘿,这是一个捕食者,你害怕吗?”小鱼们没有回应。”

Maud Ferrari, a behavioral ecologist at the University of Saskatchewan. She says same thing held true in the real world, too, once they released the fish. Three days later, two thirds of the quiet-trained fish were still alive. Compared to only 20 percent of the fish trained with the boat noise backdrop…the same severe mortality rate suffered by fish with no training at all.

萨斯喀彻温大学的行为生态学家莫德·法拉利说道,同样的事情在现实世界中也是一样的,一旦将这些小鱼释放。三天后,三分之二的经过训练的鱼仍然活着。但与只有接受训练船噪声背景20%的鱼相比…两者的死亡率相同。

The silver lining15, Ferrari says, is boat noise is a stressor that local legislators can actually regulate. "You want to change the environment, slow down the warming, the acidification, but it's really out of our hands, you know what I mean? The results we found with noise pollution, what is nice is it's one of those stressors we can actually control."

法拉利说,银色的衬里是船只噪音是一个应激源,当地立法者实际上可以调节。“你想改变环境,减缓气候变暖,酸化,但这真的是我们无法控制的,你明白我的意思吗?”我们在噪音污染中发现的可喜的是我们可以控制的压力源。

So that young fish can learn their lessons. Alone or in schools.

这样的话小鱼就可以学习了。单独或者集体学习都可以。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 scuba YjDzRf     
n.水中呼吸器
参考例句:
  • I first got hooked on scuba diving when I was twelve.12岁时我开始迷上了带水中呼吸器潜水。
  • While on honeymoon in Bali,she learned to scuba dive.她在巴厘岛度蜜月时学会了带水肺潜水。
2 shrimp krFyz     
n.虾,小虾;矮小的人
参考例句:
  • When the shrimp farm is built it will block the stream.一旦养虾场建起来,将会截断这条河流。
  • When it comes to seafood,I like shrimp the best.说到海鲜,我最喜欢虾。
3 spiny 3F9zU     
adj.多刺的,刺状的;n.多刺的东西
参考例句:
  • This is the Asiatic ornamental shrub with spiny branches and pink blossoms.这就是亚洲的一种观赏灌木,具有多刺的枝和粉红色的花。
  • Stay away from a spiny cactus.远离多刺仙人掌。
4 lobsters 67c1952945bc98558012e9740c2ba11b     
龙虾( lobster的名词复数 ); 龙虾肉
参考例句:
  • I have no idea about how to prepare those cuttlefish and lobsters. 我对如何烹调那些乌贼和龙虾毫无概念。
  • She sold me a couple of live lobsters. 她卖了几只活龙虾给我。
5 impaired sqtzdr     
adj.受损的;出毛病的;有(身体或智力)缺陷的v.损害,削弱( impair的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Much reading has impaired his vision. 大量读书损害了他的视力。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • His hearing is somewhat impaired. 他的听觉已受到一定程度的损害。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
6 proceedings Wk2zvX     
n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报
参考例句:
  • He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
  • to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼
7 juvenile OkEy2     
n.青少年,少年读物;adj.青少年的,幼稚的
参考例句:
  • For a grown man he acted in a very juvenile manner.身为成年人,他的行为举止显得十分幼稚。
  • Juvenile crime is increasing at a terrifying rate.青少年犯罪正在以惊人的速度增长。
8 predator 11vza     
n.捕食其它动物的动物;捕食者
参考例句:
  • The final part of this chapter was devoted to a brief summary of predator species.本章最后部分简要总结了食肉动物。
  • Komodo dragon is the largest living lizard and a fearsome predator.科摩多龙是目前存在的最大蜥蜴,它是一种令人恐惧的捕食性动物。
9 predators 48b965855934a5395e409c1112d94f63     
n.食肉动物( predator的名词复数 );奴役他人者(尤指在财务或性关系方面)
参考例句:
  • birds and their earthbound predators 鸟和地面上捕食它们的动物
  • The eyes of predators are highly sensitive to the slightest movement. 捕食性动物的眼睛能感觉到最细小的动静。 来自《简明英汉词典》
10 fouled e3aea4b0e24d5219b3ee13ab76c137ae     
v.使污秽( foul的过去式和过去分词 );弄脏;击球出界;(通常用废物)弄脏
参考例句:
  • Blue suit and reddish-brown socks!He had fouled up again. 蓝衣服和红褐色短袜!他又搞错了。
  • The whole river has been fouled up with filthy waste from factories. 整条河都被工厂的污秽废物污染了。
11 scent WThzs     
n.气味,香味,香水,线索,嗅觉;v.嗅,发觉
参考例句:
  • The air was filled with the scent of lilac.空气中弥漫着丁香花的芬芳。
  • The flowers give off a heady scent at night.这些花晚上散发出醉人的芳香。
12 scents 9d41e056b814c700bf06c9870b09a332     
n.香水( scent的名词复数 );气味;(动物的)臭迹;(尤指狗的)嗅觉
参考例句:
  • The air was fragrant with scents from the sea and the hills. 空气中荡漾着山和海的芬芳气息。
  • The winds came down with scents of the grass and wild flowers. 微风送来阵阵青草和野花的香气。 来自《简明英汉词典》
13 distraction muOz3l     
n.精神涣散,精神不集中,消遣,娱乐
参考例句:
  • Total concentration is required with no distractions.要全神贯注,不能有丝毫分神。
  • Their national distraction is going to the disco.他们的全民消遣就是去蹦迪。
14 interfering interfering     
adj. 妨碍的 动词interfere的现在分词
参考例句:
  • He's an interfering old busybody! 他老爱管闲事!
  • I wish my mother would stop interfering and let me make my own decisions. 我希望我母亲不再干预,让我自己拿主意。
15 lining kpgzTO     
n.衬里,衬料
参考例句:
  • The lining of my coat is torn.我的外套衬里破了。
  • Moss makes an attractive lining to wire baskets.用苔藓垫在铁丝篮里很漂亮。
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TAG标签:   科学美国人60秒  英语听力  sss
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