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科学美国人60秒 SSS 鸟喙的形状不仅仅取决于食物

时间:2019-09-30 02:07来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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Bird Beak1 Shapes Depend on More Than Diet

The shape of the beaks2 of different species of Galapagos finches played an important part in Darwin’s conception of natural selection.“In our field there is this presumption3 that the beak shape…in birds is quite correlated with what they eat and how they eat it. So, their feeding ecologies.”

加拉帕戈斯群岛不同种类雀喙的形状在达尔文的自然选择概念中起了重要作用。“在我们的研究领域,有这样一种假设:鸟类的喙形……与它们吃什么以及如何吃息息相关。”所以,它们的饮食生态。”

Guillermo Navalón, a PhD student at the University of Bristol in the U.K., and a co-author of a new study that found that the connection between beak shape and diet isn’t as tight as we thought. The study is in the journal Evolution.

吉尔莫·纳瓦隆,英国布里斯托尔大学的博士生一项新研究发现,喙形和饮食之间的联系并不像我们想象的那么紧密。这项研究发表在《进化》杂志上

Navalón and his colleagues analyzed4 photographs of museum specimens5 of 176 bird skulls6. They looked at beak shape and size in almost all of the orders of modern birds, and compared the beaks with other factors, such as feeding behavior and body size. And they found that the beak shape was indeed somewhat tied to what birds feed on and how they eat it—but the relationship was actually surprisingly weak, accounting7 for just 12 percent of beak shape variation.

纳瓦隆和他的同事分析了176个鸟类头骨标本的博物馆照片。他们研究了几乎所有现代鸟类的喙的形状和大小,并将喙与其他因素进行了比较,比如进食行为和体型。他们发现,鸟喙的形状确实在某种程度上与鸟类以什么为食以及它们如何进食有关——但这种关系实际上出奇地微弱,只占鸟喙形状变化的12%。

“The explanation that we extract from there is that the beaks are basically surrogate hands in the birds. They are used for a plethora8 of different functions beyond feeding ecology. Like the beak in general in birds have many other functions. So they use it for display, nest construction, singing, thermoregulation in some cases like toucans9 or like hornbills…so there is like a lot of factors that probably have intervened in the evolution of beaks in birds.”

“我们从中得出的解释是,喙基本上是鸟类的代理手。除了喂养生态外,它们还被用于许多不同的功能。就像鸟类的喙一般,还有很多其他的功能。所以他们用它来展示、筑巢、唱歌、调节体温,在某些情况下,比如巨嘴鸟或犀鸟……所以可能有很多因素影响了鸟类喙的进化。”


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 beak 8y1zGA     
n.鸟嘴,茶壶嘴,钩形鼻
参考例句:
  • The bird had a worm in its beak.鸟儿嘴里叼着一条虫。
  • This bird employs its beak as a weapon.这种鸟用嘴作武器。
2 beaks 66bf69cd5b0e1dfb0c97c1245fc4fbab     
n.鸟嘴( beak的名词复数 );鹰钩嘴;尖鼻子;掌权者
参考例句:
  • Baby cockatoos will have black eyes and soft, almost flexible beaks. 雏鸟凤头鹦鹉黑色的眼睛是柔和的,嘴几乎是灵活的。 来自互联网
  • Squid beaks are often found in the stomachs of sperm whales. 经常能在抹香鲸的胃里发现鱿鱼的嘴。 来自互联网
3 presumption XQcxl     
n.推测,可能性,冒昧,放肆,[法律]推定
参考例句:
  • Please pardon my presumption in writing to you.请原谅我很冒昧地写信给你。
  • I don't think that's a false presumption.我认为那并不是错误的推测。
4 analyzed 483f1acae53789fbee273a644fdcda80     
v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 );分解;解释;对…进行心理分析
参考例句:
  • The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程,因为对他来说,爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
5 specimens 91fc365099a256001af897127174fcce     
n.样品( specimen的名词复数 );范例;(化验的)抽样;某种类型的人
参考例句:
  • Astronauts have brought back specimens of rock from the moon. 宇航员从月球带回了岩石标本。
  • The traveler brought back some specimens of the rocks from the mountains. 那位旅行者从山上带回了一些岩石标本。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 skulls d44073bc27628272fdd5bac11adb1ab5     
颅骨( skull的名词复数 ); 脑袋; 脑子; 脑瓜
参考例句:
  • One of the women's skulls found exceeds in capacity that of the average man of today. 现已发现的女性颅骨中,其中有一个的脑容量超过了今天的普通男子。
  • We could make a whole plain white with skulls in the moonlight! 我们便能令月光下的平原变白,遍布白色的骷髅!
7 accounting nzSzsY     
n.会计,会计学,借贷对照表
参考例句:
  • A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
  • There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。
8 plethora 02czH     
n.过量,过剩
参考例句:
  • Java comes with a plethora of ready-made types.Java配套提供了数量众多的现成类型。
  • A plethora of new operators will be allowed to enter the market.大批新的运营商将获准进入该市场。
9 toucans 1bed8326dd2ce6bc3b3e4bb405c5a491     
n.巨嘴鸟,犀鸟( toucan的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Against it, parakeets and toucans and blue-winged macaws swoop. 晨光下,小鹦鹉、巨嘴鸟和翅膀鲜蓝的金刚鹦鹉展翼翱翔。 来自互联网
  • Toucans also have a narrow, feather-like tongue. 巨嘴鸟也有狭窄部份,像羽毛一样的舌。 来自互联网
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TAG标签:   科学美国人60秒  英语听力  sss
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