时代周刊:美国主教会与拜登共进圣餐吗?(2)

The bishops² want to clarify Communion's purpose for priests and laypeople, and call for "consistency³" when worshippers present themselves for the rite⁴,

印第安纳州韦恩堡南本德的凯文·罗德斯主教是该文件的负责人，他在接受罗马天主教刊物《我们的星期日访客》的采访时表示，

said Bishop¹ Kevin Rhoades of Fort Wayne–South Bend, Ind., who is leading the writing of the document, in an interview with Our Sunday Visitor, a Roman Catholic publication.

主教们希望为牧师和普通民众阐明圣餐仪式的目的，并呼吁礼拜者在参加仪式时“保持一致”。

The vote is another example of the conservative American bishops moving in a more political direction, says Massimo Faggioli, a theology professor at Villanova University and author of Joe Biden and Catholicism in the United States.

维拉诺瓦大学神学教授马西莫·法焦利著有《拜登和美国天主教》一书，他表示，这次投票是美国保守派主教转向更政治化方向的又一个例子。

The U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops has become "beholden to the political agenda of the Republican Party," Faggioli says.

法焦利表示，美国天主教主教会议已经“对共和党的政治议程负有责任”。

But the fact that half of American Catholic voters backed Biden shows that many are seemingly open to policies that embrace gay rights and access to abortion⁵, even if they go against church doctrine⁶ or their own personal beliefs.

但是，半数美国天主教徒选民支持拜登的事实表明，许多人似乎对支持同性恋权利和堕胎权的政策持开放态度，即使这些政策违反了教会教义或他们自己的个人信仰。

Biden also campaigned on several issues the church embraces, such as aiding refugees, advancing racial justice, ending the death penalty and addressing climate change.

拜登还在竞选活动中谈到了教会支持的几个问题，比如帮助难民、推进种族公正、结束死刑和解决气候变化问题。

And some church observers are concerned that the bishops' hard-line approach to Biden is a symptom of an attitude toward the faith that could further alienate⁷ American Catholics at a time when congregations are shrinking.

一些教会观察人士担心主教们对拜登的强硬态度反映了他们对宗教信仰的态度，这可能会进一步疏远美国天主教徒，而目前教会人数正在减少。

The move also cuts against a welcoming tone set by Pope Francis when he became Pontiff eight years ago, allowing more perspectives to be aired within the church.

此举还违背了教宗方济各8年前就任教皇时定下的欢迎基调，让更多观点得以在教会内部传播。

Francis, who clashed with former President Donald Trump⁸ over racism⁹ and immigration, has repeatedly shown his openness to Biden in closely choreographed¹⁰ moves seen as signaling a desire for dialogue and engagement.

方济各曾在种族主义和移民问题上与前总统唐纳德·特朗普起过冲突，但他也曾多次向拜登表示了自己的开放态度，这些精心设计的举动被视为希望进行对话和接触的信号。

In May, a papal adviser¹¹, Cardinal¹² Luis Ladaria, sent the U.S. bishops a letter warning them that moving forward with a teaching document on Communion could sow "discord¹³" and that efforts should be made to "preserve unity¹⁴" in the church.

今年5月，教皇顾问、红衣主教路易斯·拉达里亚给美国主教们写了一封信警告他们说，继续推行关于圣公会的教义文件可能会引发“不和”，应该努力在教会内“保持团结”。

This isn't the first clash between Biden's faith and politics: in 2019, while he was campaigning in South Carolina, a Catholic priest released a statement saying he had denied Biden Communion because of his stance on abortion.

这不是拜登的信仰和政治之间的第一次冲突：2019年，当拜登在南卡罗来纳州竞选时，一名天主教牧师发表声明称，由于拜登在堕胎问题上的立场，他拒绝向拜登施与圣餐。

But asked on June 18 at the White House whether he thought the bishops' decision could lead to his being denied the sacrament, Biden said, "It's a private matter, and I don't think that's going to happen."

而6月18日当拜登在白宫被问及是否认为主教的决定会导致他被拒绝接受圣餐时，拜登说：“这属于私事，我觉得不会发生。”

1 bishop   

n.主教，（国际象棋）象

参考例句：

• He was a bishop who was held in reverence by all.他是一位被大家都尊敬的主教。
• Two years after his death the bishop was canonised.主教逝世两年后被正式封为圣者。

2 bishops   

（基督教某些教派管辖大教区的）主教( bishop的名词复数 )； （国际象棋的）象

参考例句：

• Each player has two bishops at the start of the game. 棋赛开始时，每名棋手有两只象。
• "Only sheriffs and bishops and rich people and kings, and such like. “他劫富济贫，抢的都是郡长、主教、国王之类的富人。

3 consistency   

n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度

参考例句：

• Your behaviour lacks consistency.你的行为缺乏一贯性。
• We appreciate the consistency and stability in China and in Chinese politics.我们赞赏中国及其政策的连续性和稳定性。

4 rite   

n.典礼，惯例，习俗

参考例句：

• This festival descends from a religious rite.这个节日起源于宗教仪式。
• Most traditional societies have transition rites at puberty.大多数传统社会都为青春期的孩子举行成人礼。

5 abortion   

n.流产，堕胎

参考例句：

• She had an abortion at the women's health clinic.她在妇女保健医院做了流产手术。
• A number of considerations have led her to have a wilful abortion.多种考虑使她执意堕胎。

6 doctrine   

n.教义；主义；学说

参考例句：

• He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
• The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。

7 alienate   

vt.使疏远，离间；转让(财产等)

参考例句：

• His attempts to alienate the two friends failed because they had complete faith.他离间那两个朋友的企图失败了，因为他们彼此完全信任。
• We'd better not alienate ourselves from the colleagues.我们最好还是不要与同事们疏远。

8 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

9 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。

10 choreographed   

v.设计舞蹈动作( choreograph的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• There was some carefully choreographed flag-waving as the President drove by. 总统的车经过时，人们按精心编排的动作挥舞着旗帜。
• Achim had choreographed the dance in Act II himself. 阿希姆自己设计了第2幕的舞蹈动作。 来自辞典例句

11 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

12 cardinal   

n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的

参考例句：

• This is a matter of cardinal significance.这是非常重要的事。
• The Cardinal coloured with vexation. 红衣主教感到恼火，脸涨得通红。

13 discord   

n.不和，意见不合，争论，（音乐）不和谐

参考例句：

• These two answers are in discord.这两个答案不一样。
• The discord of his music was hard on the ear.他演奏的不和谐音很刺耳。

14 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。