世界名人简介 第10期:穆斯塔法·凯末尔·阿塔土克

 Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is the founder¹ of the Republic of Turkey. His surname, Ataturk, means "Father of theTurks". He was born in 1881 in Salonika, then part of the Ottoman Empire. He had a long and active military career before entering politics. He was a visionary and revolutionary leader who swiftly modernized² Turkey after becoming its first president. His legacy³ is seen throughout Turkish life today.

穆斯塔法·凯末尔·阿塔土克是土耳其共和国的创立者。他的姓氏阿塔土克意为“土耳其之父”。1881年，阿塔土克出生在萨洛尼卡，这里之后成为了奥斯曼帝国的一部分。进入政坛之前，他度过了一段辉煌的军人生涯。他是一位极富远见的改革性领导人，成为土耳其第一任总统之后，他迅速将土耳其变得更加现代化。如今，他的传奇在土耳其的生活中也显而易见。

When Ataturk was 12, he joined a military school. He later graduated from a military academy in Istanbul in 1905. He quickly established his military reputation by fighting against the Italians in Libya in 1911, and in the Balkan Wars between 1912-1913. He became a hero by defending the Dardanelles against the Alliesin 1915. Ataturk was promoted to general at the age of 35 because of his military skills.

他12岁参加了军事学校。1905年，他从伊斯坦布尔的军事学院毕业。1911年，他在利比亚参加了意土战争，在1912到1913年的时间里，他参加了巴尔干战争，这些让他迅速建立起了自己的军事威望。1915年，在打击协约国保卫达达尼尔海峡战役中，他成为了英雄。由于他在军事上的突出才能，35岁的他荣升将军。

Ataturk played a key role in the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1922). He started a nationalist revolution and successfully fought off European armies that had carved up and occupied Turkey after WWI. In 1921,he established a temporary government in Ankara. Two years later, in 1923, Turkey became a secular⁴ republic with Ataturk as its president. He remained in office until 1938.

阿塔土克在土耳其独立战争（1919-1922）时发挥了及其重要的作用。他进行了国民改革，并成功打击了欧洲军队，欧洲军队在一战之后占领了土耳其，并进行了瓜分。1921年，他在安卡拉建立了临时政府。两年之后的1923年，土耳其共和国正式成立，阿塔土克当选为首任总统。他的任期到1938年才结束。

As president, Mustafa Kemal's reforms secularized schools and encouraged education for girls. He also asked women to work to build Turkey's economy. He replaced Islamic courts with secular civil law and replaced Arabic script with a Latin-based Turkish alphabet. He also promoted a more western style of dressing⁶. Ataturk died on November 10, 1938, aged⁵ 57 years old. He remains⁷ a revered⁸ figure in Turkey.

作为总统，阿塔土克进行了对学校世俗化的改革，并鼓励女孩接受教育。他还要求女性参与土耳其经济的建设。他用世俗的民法代替了伊斯兰法庭，让拉丁字母取代阿拉伯字母。他还让服装更加西式。1938年11月10日，阿塔土克去世，享年57岁。如今在土耳其，他还是一位受人尊敬的人物。

1.replace with 以…代替

例句：You must replace with the name of your network server.

您必须用网络服务器的名称来代替

2.military academy 军事学院

例句：He took a competitive exam for West Point, the U.S. military academy, and won the one space reserved in each class for a Filipino.

他参加了美国军事学院西点军校竞争激烈的考试，在每班留出的一名菲律宾人的名额中，他考取了这个名额。

3.temporary government 临时政府

例句：A lot of third-quarter growth was the result of temporary government stimulus⁹.

第三季度经济的增长主要是由于政府的临时的刺激计划。

4.be promoted to 被提升到

例句：Here we explore five of them, any one of which could make a case to be promoted to a place alongsidethe Big Six.

这里我们探讨其中五种情绪，任何一种经证实都能提升到与六大基本情绪同等的地位上去。

1 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

2 modernized   

使现代化，使适应现代需要( modernize的过去式和过去分词 )； 现代化，使用现代方法

参考例句：

• By 1985 the entire railway network will have been modernized. 等到1985年整个铁路网就实现现代化了。
• He set about rebuilding France, and made it into a brilliant-looking modernized imperialism. 他试图重建法国，使它成为一项表面华丽的现代化帝业。

3 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

4 secular   

n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的

参考例句：

• We live in an increasingly secular society.我们生活在一个日益非宗教的社会。
• Britain is a plural society in which the secular predominates.英国是个世俗主导的多元社会。

5 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

6 dressing   

n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料

参考例句：

• Don't spend such a lot of time in dressing yourself.别花那么多时间来打扮自己。
• The children enjoy dressing up in mother's old clothes.孩子们喜欢穿上妈妈旧时的衣服玩。

7 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

8 revered   

v.崇敬，尊崇，敬畏( revere的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• A number of institutions revered and respected in earlier times have become Aunt Sally for the present generation. 一些早年受到尊崇的惯例，现在已经成了这代人嘲弄的对象了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Chinese revered corn as a gift from heaven. 中国人将谷物奉为上天的恩赐。 来自辞典例句

9 stimulus   

n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物

参考例句：

• Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts.把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。
• Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.光是促进植物生长的一个因素。