世界名人简介 第106期:玛利亚·蒙台梭利

 Maria Montessori lived between 1870 and 1952. She was an Italian educator who has left her mark on education today. Her Montessori method of education is widely used all round the world. Many educationalists say it is the best system for child education. Montessori was also a doctor, philosopher and philanthropist. She was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize three times for her work.

玛利亚·蒙台梭利生活时间为1870-1952。她是意大利教育家，并对当今教育学影响深远。她的教育方法在全球广为流传。许多教育学人士认为，她的教育体系最适合儿童教育。蒙台梭利还是一名医生，哲学家以及慈善家。曾三次获得诺贝尔和平奖提名。

Montessori was the first woman to graduate from the University of Rome’s Medical School. She trained as a psychiatrist¹ and was interested in educating the "mentally retarded²" and others with learning difficulties. She had great success when her class of “problematic” 8-year-olds had above-average scores in state reading and writing tests. This was described as "the first Montessori miracle."

蒙台梭利是首位毕业于罗马医学院女学生。她是一名神经病学家，并逐渐对“低能”学习障碍教育产生兴趣。在阅读和写作课程中，8岁智障儿童成绩高出平均分，蒙台梭利研究取得重大成功。首个“蒙台梭利奇迹”出现。

Hearing about Maria's achievements, Rome's government asked her to start her own children’s school. In 1907, the Casa del Bambini opened in a poor neighbourhood of Rome. Montessori experimented with a philosophy she called “spontaneous self-development”, which meant letting children develop and learn at their own pace. Her methods once again met with great success. More schools opened and she gained worldwide fame.

获悉玛利亚取得重大成功，罗马政府希望她成立自己的儿童学校。1907年，“儿童之家”在罗马贫苦郊区建成。并不断尝试“自我发展”教育法，让儿童按照自己的节奏学习。她的方法再一次取得成功。多所学校相继开办，玛利亚享誉世界。

Montessori was exiled from Italy because she refused to allow her schools to turn children into soldiers. She lived in Spain until the Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936. In 1939 she moved to India and spent ten years working on training courses, which are still seen as innovative³ today. She traveled the world lecturing until her death in 1952.

因拒绝将学校儿童培养成士兵，蒙台梭利被逐出意大利。1936年西班牙内战爆发之前，玛利亚一直呆在西班牙。1939年，蒙台梭利前往印度，利用十年时间研究培训课程，现如今，她的教育方法仍具创新性。在玛利亚于1952年去世之前，一直环游世界进行演说。

1.self-development 自我发展

例句：Self-preservation and self-development are common aspirations⁴ among all people.

自我保护和自我发展是所有人中共同的愿望。

2.Civil War 内战

例句：Civil war and famine sent the nation plunging⁵ into anarchy⁶.

内战和饥荒使该国陷入了无政府状态。

3.refuse to 拒绝

例句：The Lawyer may refuse to undertake a case which appears to him unsound.

律师可能拒绝承办他认为站不住脚的案件。

4.turn into 变成

例句：He turned those sentences into English.

他把那些句子译成了英文。

1 psychiatrist   

n.精神病专家；精神病医师

参考例句：

• He went to a psychiatrist about his compulsive gambling.他去看精神科医生治疗不能自拔的赌瘾。
• The psychiatrist corrected him gently.精神病医师彬彬有礼地纠正他。

2 retarded   

a.智力迟钝的，智力发育迟缓的

参考例句：

• The progression of the disease can be retarded by early surgery. 早期手术可以抑制病情的发展。
• He was so slow that many thought him mentally retarded. 他迟钝得很，许多人以为他智力低下。

3 innovative   

adj.革新的，新颖的，富有革新精神的

参考例句：

• Discover an innovative way of marketing.发现一个创新的营销方式。
• He was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation.他是他那代人当中最富创造性与革新精神的工程师之一。

4 aspirations   

强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音

参考例句：

• I didn't realize you had political aspirations. 我没有意识到你有政治上的抱负。
• The new treaty embodies the aspirations of most nonaligned countries. 新条约体现了大多数不结盟国家的愿望。

5 plunging   

adj.跳进的，突进的v.颠簸( plunge的现在分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降

参考例句：

• War broke out again, plunging the people into misery and suffering. 战祸复发，生灵涂炭。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• He is plunging into an abyss of despair. 他陷入了绝望的深渊。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 anarchy   

n.无政府状态；社会秩序混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• There would be anarchy if we had no police.要是没有警察，社会就会无法无天。
• The country was thrown into a state of anarchy.这国家那时一下子陷入无政府状态。