万物简史 第43期:埃文斯牧师的宇宙(7)

 　　Interestingly, Zwicky had almost no understanding of why any of this would happen. According to Thorne, "he did not understand the laws of physics well enough to be able to substantiate¹ his ideas." Zwicky's talent was for big ideas. Others—Baade mostly—were left to do the mathematical sweeping² up."有意思的是，兹威基几乎不知道这一切发生的原因。据索恩说：“他不大懂物理学定律，因此不能证明他的思想。兹威基的才华是用来考虑大问题的，而收集数据是别人--主要是巴德--的事。”

　　Zwicky also was the first to recognize that there wasn't nearly enough visible mass in the universe to hold galaxies³ together and that there must be some other gravitational influence—what we now call dark matter. One thing he failed to see was that if a neutron⁴ star shrank enough it would become so dense⁵ that even light couldn't escape its immense gravitational pull. You would have a black hole.

　　兹威基也是第一个认识到，宇宙里的可见物质远远不足以把宇宙连成一片，肯定有某种别的引力影响--就是我们现在所谓的暗物质。有一点他没有注意到，即中子星坍缩得很紧，密度很大，连光也无法摆脱它的巨大引力。这就形成了一个黑洞。

　　Unfortunately, Zwicky was held in such disdain⁶ by most of his colleagues that his ideas attracted almost no notice. When, five years later, the great Robert Oppenheimer turned his attention to neutron stars in a landmark⁷ paper, he made not a single reference to any of Zwicky's work even though Zwicky had been working for years on the same problem in an office just down the hall. Zwicky's deductions⁸ concerning dark matter wouldn't attract serious attention for nearly four decades. We can only assume that he did a lot of pushups in this period.

　　不幸的是，他的大多数同事都瞧不起他，因此他的思想几乎没有引起注意。5年以后，当伟大的罗伯特?奥本海默在一篇有划时代意义的论文中把注意力转向中子星的时候，他没有一次提到兹威基的成就，虽然兹威基多年来一直在致力于同一个问题，而且就在走廊那头的办公室里。在差不多40年的时间里，兹威基有关暗物质的推论没有引起认真的注意。我们只能认为，他在此期间做了许多俯卧撑。

 

1 substantiate   

v.证实；证明...有根据

参考例句：

• There is little scientific evidence to substantiate the claims.这些主张几乎找不到科学依据来证实。
• These theories are used to substantiate the relationship between the phenomenons of the universe.这些学说是用来证实宇宙现象之间的关系。

2 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

3 galaxies   

星系( galaxy的名词复数 )； 银河系； 一群（杰出或著名的人物）

参考例句：

• Quasars are the highly energetic cores of distant galaxies. 类星体是遥远星系的极为活跃的核心体。
• We still don't know how many galaxies there are in the universe. 我们还不知道宇宙中有多少个星系。

4 neutron   

n.中子

参考例句：

• Neutron is neutral and slightly heavier than the proton.中子是中性的，比质子略重。
• Based on the neutron energy,the value of weighting factor was given.根据中子能量给出了相应的辐射权重因子的数值。

5 dense   

a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的

参考例句：

• The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
• The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。

6 disdain   

n.鄙视，轻视；v.轻视，鄙视，不屑

参考例句：

• Some people disdain labour.有些人轻视劳动。
• A great man should disdain flatterers.伟大的人物应鄙视献媚者。

7 landmark   

n.陆标，划时代的事，地界标

参考例句：

• The Russian Revolution represents a landmark in world history.俄国革命是世界历史上的一个里程碑。
• The tower was once a landmark for ships.这座塔曾是船只的陆标。

8 deductions   

扣除( deduction的名词复数 )； 结论； 扣除的量； 推演

参考例句：

• Many of the older officers trusted agents sightings more than cryptanalysts'deductions. 许多年纪比较大的军官往往相信特务的发现，而不怎么相信密码分析员的推断。
• You know how you rush at things,jump to conclusions without proper deductions. 你知道你处理问题是多么仓促，毫无合适的演绎就仓促下结论。