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VOA双语新闻:5、世行敦促加强艾滋病预防工作

时间:2013-08-09 08:49来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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世行敦促加强艾滋病预防工作

The World Bank says significantly better HIV prevention efforts are needed in Africa. It says a slow global economy and uncertain donor1 aid make preventing new infections a necessity.

世界银行称,非洲需要大力加强艾滋病预防工作。世行表示,由于全球经济增长缓慢以及援助的不确定性,有必要防止新的感染病例。

A new World Bank report says the world’s economic woes2 are causing “anxiety about maintaining and expanding AIDS treatment programs in low income countries.”

世界银行的一份最新报告称,世界经济困境令人对"低收入国家能否维持和扩大艾滋病治疗项目感到担忧"。

Co-author Elizabeth Lule said concerns about tight budgets coincide with much progress being made against the disease.

这份报告的共同作者伊利莎白?卢莱说,预算紧张问题令人忧虑,与此同时在防治艾滋病方面正取得许多进展。

“HIV prevalence, especially among young people, is going down in southern Africa. In countries where there’s highest burden, young people have better knowledge. They’re using condoms consistently. They’re reducing partners. So there is a lot of progress,” she said.

她说:"非洲南部的HIV感染率正在下降,尤其是在年轻人中。在艾滋病感染率最高的国家,年轻人掌握了更多的相关知识。他们保持使用避孕套,也在减少性伴侣,因此这方面取得了许多进展。"

Also in recent years, studies have shown that giving antiretroviral drugs to HIV negative people can protect them from becoming infected. And there’s been progress in vaccine3 research, although an effective vaccine is still considered years away.

最近几年的研究表明,让HIV检测呈阴性的人使用抗逆转录病毒药物可以使他们免受感染。另外,疫苗研究方面也取得进展,尽管研究出有效的疫苗仍被认为需要数年时间。

Fiscal4 dimension

“We shouldn’t just be looking at HIV/AIDS as a health problem, but also as an economic problem because of the huge costs that are incurred6 in treating people as well as prevention. And we highlight the importance of continuing to use effective prevention in order to contain future costs,” she said.

卢莱说:"我们不应该只将HIV/艾滋病看作一个健康问题,还应把它看作一个经济问题,因为相关的治疗和预防费用高昂。我们强调,继续使用有效的预防措施对于控制未来的费用至关重要。"

The report is called The Fiscal Dimension of HIV/AIDS in Botswana, South Africa, Swaziland and Uganda.

世行的这份报告题为"博茨瓦那、南非、斯威士兰和乌干达的HIV/艾滋病防治的财政问题"。

“There’s been very limited analysis on the fiscal dimension of HIV/AIDS for countries to understand the future liability that they take on, especially if they do not reduce new infections. They would only be adding to the burden,” she said.

卢莱说:"有关HIV/艾滋病的财政问题的分析研究非常有限,分析这个问题旨在让各国了解他们未来的负担,特别是如果他们不减少新感染病例,他们的负担就会增加。"

Lule, the World Bank’s acting7 director for regional integration8 in Africa, said treating HIV/AIDS can only be done on a long term basis.

卢莱目前担任世界银行的非洲区域整合项目代理主任。她说,治疗HIV/艾滋病只能是个长期过程。

“When a person gets HIV/AIDS it usually takes a number of years before they develop full-blown AIDS. But then once you put them on treatment you cannot stop. And they may survive, of course, for a long time and the countries have to incur5 those costs. And then the more new infections you have the more people you have to treat in the future. And therefore the higher costs that countries would have to incur,” she said.

她说:"当一个人感染上HIV艾滋病病毒,通常要经过许多年的潜伏期后才会发展成艾滋病病人。而一旦开始治疗,就不能停。他们可能活很久,这些国家不得不面临由此带来的费用。如果有更多的新感染病例,未来就不得不治疗更多的人。因此,这些国家就不得不面临更多费用。"

But while the World Bank calls for significantly better HIV prevention efforts, it does not propose specific ways to do that.

虽然世行呼吁大大加强艾滋病预防工作,但它没有提出具体的建议。

Lule said, “There isn’t any HIV strategy that works effectively everywhere. Countries have to understand and know their epidemic9. In countries like Uganda, Brazil and Thailand, where they had a lot of success in reducing HIV infections, it was mainly using a combination of behavior interventions10, biomedical interventions, as well as structural11 interventions that look at the underlying12 causes.”

卢莱说:"没有一项能够策略能适用于每个地方。各国必须了解自己的情况。在乌干达、巴西和泰国这样的国家,它们在减少HIV感染率方面获得了许多成功。主要措施是综合运用行为干预、生物医学干预以及从基本病因着手的结构性干预。"

Cost per infection

The study tries to calculate how much money a country would save if it prevented one HIV infection. For example, it says Uganda would save nearly $6,000 for each new infection that was prevented. South Africa could save $2,500 per infection.

世行的这项研究设法计算如果防止一例HIV感染病例,一个国家可以节省多少钱。举例来说,这项研究指出,每防止一例新感染病例,乌干达就可以节省近6000美元,南非可以节省2500美元。

“So it’s a huge saving if they really did prevention more effectively. And then they would be able to afford maintaining the treatment as well as investing in prevention,” she said.

卢莱说:"因此,如果这些国家真正更有效地预防艾滋病,就能节省大量资金。这样它们就能够负担维持治疗的费用并投资于预防。"

Lule said countries with poor health systems or a shortage of health workers may face challenges strengthening their prevention efforts. She added effective programs will require partnerships13 involving governments, donors14 and people living with HIV.

卢莱说,医疗保健系统糟糕或者缺乏医务工作者的国家可能在加强预防工作的方面面临挑战。她说,一个有效的防治艾滋病项目,需要政府、捐助者和HIV感染者的参与和合作。

What’s more, the World Bank official says even without a global recession, available resources must be used effectively and efficiently15 in the future. Currently, more than 6 and a half million people are receiving treatment for HIV/AIDS, but about 30 million are currently living with the disease.

这名世行官员还说,就算全球经济没有衰退,未来也必须有效利用可获得的资源。目前,全球有650多万人正在接受HIV/艾滋病治疗,但是目前的艾滋病患者总数达到3000万。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 donor dstxI     
n.捐献者;赠送人;(组织、器官等的)供体
参考例句:
  • In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下,接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
  • The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。
2 woes 887656d87afcd3df018215107a0daaab     
困境( woe的名词复数 ); 悲伤; 我好苦哇; 某人就要倒霉
参考例句:
  • Thanks for listening to my woes. 谢谢您听我诉说不幸的遭遇。
  • She has cried the blues about its financial woes. 对于经济的困难她叫苦不迭。
3 vaccine Ki1wv     
n.牛痘苗,疫苗;adj.牛痘的,疫苗的
参考例句:
  • The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
  • She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。
4 fiscal agbzf     
adj.财政的,会计的,国库的,国库岁入的
参考例句:
  • The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
  • The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。
5 incur 5bgzy     
vt.招致,蒙受,遭遇
参考例句:
  • Any costs that you incur will be reimbursed in full.你的所有花费都将全额付还。
  • An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business.一个企业为了维持营业,就不得不承担一定的费用和开支。
6 incurred a782097e79bccb0f289640bab05f0f6c     
[医]招致的,遭受的; incur的过去式
参考例句:
  • She had incurred the wrath of her father by marrying without his consent 她未经父亲同意就结婚,使父亲震怒。
  • We will reimburse any expenses incurred. 我们将付还所有相关费用。
7 acting czRzoc     
n.演戏,行为,假装;adj.代理的,临时的,演出用的
参考例句:
  • Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她,她只是假装的。
  • During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代,她的表演生涯黯然失色。
8 integration G5Pxk     
n.一体化,联合,结合
参考例句:
  • We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
  • This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。
9 epidemic 5iTzz     
n.流行病;盛行;adj.流行性的,流传极广的
参考例句:
  • That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
  • The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。
10 interventions b4e9b73905db5b0213891229ce84fdd3     
n.介入,干涉,干预( intervention的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Economic analysis of government interventions deserves detailed discussion. 政府对经济的干预应该给予充分的论述。 来自辞典例句
  • The judge's frequent interventions made a mockery of justice. 法官的屡屡干预是对正义的践踏。 来自互联网
11 structural itXw5     
adj.构造的,组织的,建筑(用)的
参考例句:
  • The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
  • The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。
12 underlying 5fyz8c     
adj.在下面的,含蓄的,潜在的
参考例句:
  • The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
  • This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。
13 partnerships ce2e6aff420d72bbf56e8077be344bc9     
n.伙伴关系( partnership的名词复数 );合伙人身份;合作关系
参考例句:
  • Partnerships suffer another major disadvantage: decision-making is shared. 合伙企业的另一主要缺点是决定要由大家来作。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
  • It involved selling off limited partnerships. 它涉及到售出有限的合伙权。 来自辞典例句
14 donors 89b49c2bd44d6d6906d17dca7315044b     
n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 );献血者;捐血者;器官捐献者
参考例句:
  • Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去,请给我们发电子邮件。
  • About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》
15 efficiently ZuTzXQ     
adv.高效率地,有能力地
参考例句:
  • The worker oils the machine to operate it more efficiently.工人给机器上油以使机器运转更有效。
  • Local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently.地方政府必须学会有效地分配资源。
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