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印度经济放缓 失业形势严峻

With India's economic growth at its lowest point in a decade, some are questioning whether the South Asian nation should still be counted among the world's most influential¹, emerging economies.

印度经济增长速度下降到10年来的最低点。一些人质疑，是否还能把这个南亚国家看成是世界上最具影响力的新型经济体之一。印度领导人将于下周前往南非出席金砖五国峰会。与此同时，印度人因为经济增长缓慢而难以找到工作。

Evidence of India’s slowing economy can be seen from local car dealerships - where auto² sales are set to decrease for the first time in 10 years - to job training workshops where unemployed³ young people like Yogesh Dahiya get interview advice. The New Delhi resident says finding a job in India’s retail⁴ sector⁵ is tough.

从车行到就业培训班，经济增长缓慢的问题在印度随处可见。印度的汽车销量将出现10年来的首次下跌；失业的印度青年在就业培训班里受训。新德里居民达希亚在这里学习口试技巧。

"As the market is going down, competition is so high," he said.

他说，在印度零售业很难能找到工作：“随着市场销售放缓，竞争变得激烈。”

Employment consultant⁶ Alka Kohli says she has seen a change in the job market since starting her training and recruiting company.

就业培训师科利说，自从建立自己的培训与招募公司以来，她已经注意到就业市场的变化：

"There are many more people who need jobs now than they needed five years ago, that is definitely there," she said. "However, earlier there was a trend of a lot of people going for post graduation [post-grad degrees] and asking for jobs, but now people understand that post-graduation is not translating into the job market.

“比起5年前，现在有更多的寻找工作的人。不过早些时候，有很多人进入研究生院学习再找工作。现在人们清楚，研究生院的学习并不能转化成就业市场上的一份工作。”

As India’s once double-digit growth rate dips to five percent, analysts⁷ like Rajiv Kumar with the Center for Policy Research warn that future growth depends on large-scale job creation to employ the next generation of workers. He says that means adding one million new jobs every month for the next two decades.

??曾经以两位数速度快速增长的印度经济现在放缓至5%。政策研究中心研究员库马尔警告说，未来的增长取决于大规模创造就业机会，让下一代工人有工作。他说，这意味着，在未来20年里，每个月增加1百万个新工作。

"The long-term strength of the Indian economy is supposed to be its young population, but if you do not, for example, create these jobs now - these young people will be frustrated⁸, will be angry and will be out in the streets, which will then impact your long-term growth prospects," he said.

库马尔说： “印度经济的长期力量应该是印度的年轻人口，但是如果不创造就业机会的话，这些年轻人会充满挫折感，会愤怒，会上街示威，这将冲击印度长期的增长前景。”

Ahead of this year’s BRICS summit in South Africa, Kumar says India should not focus too much on its standing⁹ among other emerging economies such as Indonesia, which is becoming a favorite for foreign investors¹⁰.

在今年的金砖五国峰会召开前夕，库马尔说，印度不应该过分关注它在其他新兴经济体中的地位，比如说，正在成为外国投资者宠儿的印度尼西亚。

Instead, he says officials should focus on domestic problems like improving governance, the public education system and the country’s infrastructure¹¹.

库马尔认为，印度官员相反，应当关注国内问题，比如改善政府管理，公共教育系统和印度的基础设施。

"Your major cities - Lucknow, Varanasi, Chennai - they have all got four, six, eight hours of power cuts," he said. "Now how does a country or an economy work without this?

他说：“印度的主要城市--勒克瑙、瓦拉纳西、金奈都会停电4小时、6小时、或8小时。现在有哪个国家或经济体能够像这样运作下去？”

As job applicants¹² like Sachin Dwivedi sharpen their skills at training centers for the tighter labor¹³ market, many are optimistic that the economy will bounce back.

为了在严峻的就业市场找到一份工作，人们来到培训中心接受就业培训。像这里的很多求职者一样，德维韦迪很乐观，他们认为经济会出现反弹：

"I faced the interview, one or two interviews, but I could not succeed. But still there is hope and I am trying my best.

“我得到一、两个面试机会，但是我没有成功，不过还有机会，我正在全力以赴。”

For India’s leaders, much is riding on their ability to meet the expectations of hundreds of millions of new workers.

现在就要看印度领导人是否有能力，达到成百上千万印度年轻人对领导人抱有的期望。