新闻周刊:牛仔裤的真实成本(5)

This all apparently¹ compared well to the washhouses of Xintang, the town in Guangdong Province, China, that claims to be the "jeans capital of the world." Each year, 200,000 garment workers in Xintang's 3,000 factories and workshops produce 300 million pairs of jeans—800,000 pairs a day. The local water treatment plant closed years ago, leaving factories to dump dye waste directly into the East River, a tributary² of the Pearl River. It turned opaque³; aquatic⁴ life could no longer survive. Greenpeace has reported that the riverbed contains high levels of lead, copper⁵ and cadmium. Xintang's streets are dusted blue. And many garment workers have reportedly suffered from skin rashes, infertility⁶ and lung infections.

这一切与号称“世界牛仔裤之都”的中国广东省新塘镇的洗衣房相比，简直是天壤之别。新塘有3000多家工厂和作坊，每年有20万服装工人生产3亿条牛仔裤，每天有80万条。当地的水处理厂几年前关闭了，留下工厂直接将染料废料倾倒到珠江的一条支流——珠江。结果难以理解；水生生物无法生存。绿色和平组织报告称，该河床含有高浓度的铅、铜和镉。新塘的街道一片蔚蓝。据报道，许多制衣工人患有皮疹、不孕症和肺部感染。

Eco-Friendly Finishing?

环保完成了吗？

Distressed⁷, whiskered jeans continue to drive the global market and have been the cause of ecological⁸ and health calamity⁹. What could be done about finishing? Surely, in our world of rapid technological¹⁰ advancement¹¹, there must be a way to banish¹² the horrors I saw in the Ho Chi Minh sweatshop.

令人苦恼的是，破洞拉线牛仔裤继续推动着全球市场，并已成为生态和健康灾难的根源。如何才能完成呢？当然，在我们这个科技飞速发展的世界，肯定有办法消除我在胡志明市血汗工厂看到的恐怖。

Denim¹³ industry consultants¹⁴ José Vidal and his nephew Enrique Silla, based in Valencia, Spain, set out to develop a cleaner, safer three-step process called Jeanologia: lasers, which replace sandblasting, hand-sanding, and the bleaching¹⁵ chemical potassium permanganate (PP); ozone¹⁶, which fades fabrics¹⁷ without chemicals; and e-Flow, a washing system that uses microscopic¹⁸ "nanobubbles" and cuts water usage by 90 percent.

牛仔行业顾问何塞?维达尔和他的外甥恩里克?西拉在西班牙瓦伦西亚工作，他们打算开发一种更清洁、更安全的三步工艺，名为Jeanologia：取代喷砂、手工砂光和漂白化学剂高锰酸钾的激光；臭氧会使没有化学物质的织物褪色；e-Flow是一种使用微型“纳米气泡”的洗涤系统，它可以将用水量减少90%。

Traditionally, finishing a pair of jeans requires an average of 18 gallons of water, 1.5 kilowatts¹⁹ of energy and 5 ounces of chemicals. In total, that equals an astonishing 92 million gallons of water, 7.5 billion kilowatts of energy (enough to power the city of Munich for a year) and 750,000 tons of chemicals each year.

传统上，完成一条牛仔裤平均需要18加仑的水，1.5千瓦的能源和5盎司的化学品。总的来说，这相当于惊人的9200万加仑的水，75亿千瓦的能源(足以为慕尼黑市提供一年的电力)和每年75万吨的化学物质。

The Jeanologia system can decrease energy consumption by 33 percent, chemicals by 67 percent, and if implemented²⁰ most efficiently²¹, water usage by 71 percent—or, as the company proudly boasts, to one glass of water per pair of jeans.

Jeanologia系统可以减少33%的能源消耗，减少67%的化学物质消耗，如果实施得最有效，可以减少71%的用水量——或者，正如该公司自豪地宣称的那样，每条牛仔裤只消耗一杯水。

1 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

2 tributary   

n.支流；纳贡国；adj.附庸的；辅助的；支流的

参考例句：

• There was a tributary road near the end of the village.村的尽头有条岔道。
• As the largest tributary of Jinsha river,Yalong river is abundant in hydropower resources.雅砻江是金沙江的最大支流，水力资源十分丰富。

3 opaque   

adj.不透光的；不反光的，不传导的；晦涩的

参考例句：

• The windows are of opaque glass.这些窗户装着不透明玻璃。
• Their intentions remained opaque.他们的意图仍然令人费解。

4 aquatic   

adj.水生的，水栖的

参考例句：

• Aquatic sports include swimming and rowing.水上运动包括游泳和划船。
• We visited an aquatic city in Italy.我们在意大利访问过一个水上城市。

5 copper   

n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的

参考例句：

• The students are asked to prove the purity of copper.要求学生们检验铜的纯度。
• Copper is a good medium for the conduction of heat and electricity.铜是热和电的良导体。

6 infertility   

n.不肥沃，不毛；不育

参考例句：

• It is the Geneva, Switzerland-based Biotech Company's second recombinant infertility drug. 它是瑞士生物技术公司在日内瓦的公司生产的第二种重组治疗不孕症的药。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术制药疫苗
• Endometritis is a cause of infertility. 子宫内膜炎是不育的原子。 来自辞典例句

7 distressed   

痛苦的

参考例句：

• He was too distressed and confused to answer their questions. 他非常苦恼而困惑，无法回答他们的问题。
• The news of his death distressed us greatly. 他逝世的消息使我们极为悲痛。

8 ecological   

adj.生态的，生态学的

参考例句：

• The region has been declared an ecological disaster zone.这个地区已经宣布为生态灾难区。
• Each animal has its ecological niche.每种动物都有自己的生态位.

9 calamity   

n.灾害，祸患，不幸事件

参考例句：

• Even a greater natural calamity cannot daunt us. 再大的自然灾害也压不垮我们。
• The attack on Pearl Harbor was a crushing calamity.偷袭珍珠港(对美军来说)是一场毁灭性的灾难。

10 technological   

adj.技术的；工艺的

参考例句：

• A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
• Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今， 随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

11 advancement   

n.前进，促进，提升

参考例句：

• His new contribution to the advancement of physiology was well appreciated.他对生理学发展的新贡献获得高度赞赏。
• The aim of a university should be the advancement of learning.大学的目标应是促进学术。

12 banish   

vt.放逐，驱逐；消除，排除

参考例句：

• The doctor advised her to banish fear and anxiety.医生劝她消除恐惧和忧虑。
• He tried to banish gloom from his thought.他试图驱除心中的忧愁。

13 denim   

n.斜纹棉布；斜纹棉布裤，牛仔裤

参考例句：

• She wore pale blue denim shorts and a white denim work shirt.她穿着一条淡蓝色的斜纹粗棉布短裤，一件白粗布工作服上衣。
• Dennis was dressed in denim jeans.丹尼斯穿了一条牛仔裤。

14 consultants   

顾问( consultant的名词复数 )； 高级顾问医生，会诊医生

参考例句：

• a firm of management consultants 管理咨询公司
• There're many consultants in hospital. 医院里有很多会诊医生。

15 bleaching   

漂白法，漂白

参考例句：

• Moderately weathered rock showed more intense bleaching and fissuring in the feldspars. 中等风化岩石则是指长石有更为强烈的变白现象和裂纹现象。
• Bleaching effects are very strong and show on air photos. 退色效应非常强烈，并且反映在航空象片上。

16 ozone   

n.臭氧，新鲜空气

参考例句：

• The ozone layer is a protective layer around the planet Earth.臭氧层是地球的保护层。
• The capacity of ozone can adjust according of requirement.臭氧的产量可根据需要或调节。

17 fabrics   

织物( fabric的名词复数 )； 布； 构造； （建筑物的）结构（如墙、地面、屋顶）：质地

参考例句：

• cotton fabrics and synthetics 棉织物与合成织物
• The fabrics are merchandised through a network of dealers. 通过经销网点销售纺织品。

18 microscopic   

adj.微小的，细微的，极小的，显微的

参考例句：

• It's impossible to read his microscopic handwriting.不可能看清他那极小的书写字迹。
• A plant's lungs are the microscopic pores in its leaves.植物的肺就是其叶片上微细的气孔。

19 kilowatts   

千瓦( kilowatt的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• It's about 500 kilowatts per hour on average. 年用电量平均为每小时500千瓦。 来自商贸英语会话
• We have an emergency-standby electric generator with a capacity of 300 kilowatts. 我们有一台三百千瓦的事故备用发电机。

20 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

21 efficiently   

adv.高效率地，有能力地

参考例句：

• The worker oils the machine to operate it more efficiently.工人给机器上油以使机器运转更有效。
• Local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently.地方政府必须学会有效地分配资源。