新闻周刊:非洲第一个超级大国的到来比你想象的要快(3)

Now, most go by train. At Christmas, an ISIS offshoot of Boko Haram released a video showing 10 Christians¹ being beheaded in Maiduguri. Every conversation about traveling ends with two words: be careful. Amenities² in luxury condos include bulletproof glass.

现在，大多数人乘火车去。圣诞节期间，博科圣地的ISIS分支发布了一段视频，显示10名基督徒在迈杜古里被斩首。每一次关于旅行的谈话都以两个字结尾:小心。豪华公寓的设施包括防弹玻璃。

Most say that the security situation is linked to the economy and that those who commit cyber fraud, extortion, piracy³ and robbery do so because they have no legitimate⁴ way to participate in the economy. They are entrepreneurs of violence. "If you have something at stake, you won't be enticed⁵ to wear a suicide vest," says Fareedah Yahuza Yashe, who runs the Community Engagement and Social Development Initiative. (CESDI is a nongovernmental organization in Maiduguri that helps female victims of the militant⁶ group Boko Haram.)

大多数人表示，安全形势与经济有关，那些实施网络欺诈、勒索、盗版和抢劫的人之所以这样做，是因为他们没有合法途径参与经济活动。他们是暴力的实施者。“如果你有危险，你不会被诱惑穿自杀背心，”社区参与和社会发展项目负责人Fareedah Yahuza Yashe说。（CESDI是迈杜古里的一个非政府组织，帮助博科圣地武装组织的女性受害者。）

It's hard to make progress anywhere, but it's particularly hard in Nigeria. A complex set of policies and agreements keeps the peace between Nigeria's many constituencies—a population of over 250 ethnicities split evenly between Muslims and Christians. In practice, that makes it hard to get anything done. A bill to increase transparency in the oil industry has been stuck in the National Assembly for 19 years. And many are resistant⁷ to change. In 2014, Sanusi was fired from his banking⁸ post for exposing corruption⁹. Soon after his appointment as emir, Boko Haram suicide bombers¹⁰ and gunmen attacked the mosque¹¹ next door to the emir's palace, killing¹² over 120 people. Now, the governor of Kano state and a frequent target of Sanusi's criticism, Abdullahi Ganduje, wants to break up the emirate to reduce Sanusi's power.

在任何地方都很难取得进展，但在尼日利亚尤其如此。一套复杂的政策和协议维持了尼日利亚众多宪法之间的和平——超过250个种族的人口平均分为穆斯林和基督徒。实际上，这使得任何事情都很难完成。一项提高石油行业透明度的法案已经在国民议会被搁置了19年。许多人拒绝改变。2014年，萨努西因揭露腐败被银行解雇。在他被任命为埃米尔后不久，博科圣地的自杀式爆炸者和武装分子袭击了埃米尔宫殿旁边的清真寺，杀死了120多人。现在，卡诺州的州长，也是萨努西经常批评的对象，Abdullahi Ganduje，想要打破这个酋长国来削弱萨努西的权力。

Many of the issues, and much of the gridlock, come back to oil. Roughly $100 million worth of oil pours out of the ground each day. Spread across that huge population, that's only about 50 cents per person per day. That's not enough to make everyone rich, but more than enough to make some very rich. It's estimated that 80 percent of the proceeds from oil has gone to 1 percent of the population. It's money worth fighting over, and that's what Nigerians do at every level of the economy. Oil has given politics an outsized importance. As Onubogu says, "If you're excluded from politics, you're excluded from the economy."

多问题和许多僵局都与石油有关。每天大约有价值1亿美元的石油从地下涌出。在这么庞大的人口中，每人每天只有50美分。这还不足以让每个人都变得富有，但足以让一些人变得非常富有。据估计，80%的石油收益流向了1%的人口。这是值得争取的钱，这是尼日利亚人在经济的各个层面所做的。石油让政治变得格外重要。正如Onubogu所言，“如果你被排除在政治之外，你就被排除在经济之外。”

1 Christians   

n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
• His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。

2 amenities   

n.令人愉快的事物；礼仪；礼节；便利设施；礼仪( amenity的名词复数 )；便利设施；（环境等的）舒适；（性情等的）愉快

参考例句：

• The campsite is close to all local amenities. 营地紧靠当地所有的便利设施。
• Parks and a theatre are just some of the town's local amenities. 公园和戏院只是市镇娱乐设施的一部分。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 piracy   

n.海盗行为，剽窃，著作权侵害

参考例句：

• The government has already adopted effective measures against piracy.政府已采取有效措施惩治盗版行为。
• They made the place a notorious centre of piracy.他们把这地方变成了臭名昭著的海盗中心。

4 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

5 enticed   

诱惑，怂恿( entice的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He enticed his former employer into another dice game. 他挑逗他原来的老板再赌一次掷骰子。
• Consumers are courted, enticed, and implored by sellers of goods and services. 消费者受到商品和劳务出售者奉承，劝诱和央求。

6 militant   

adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals.一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。
• He is a militant in the movement.他在那次运动中是个激进人物。

7 resistant   

adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的

参考例句：

• Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
• They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。

8 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

9 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

10 bombers   

n.轰炸机( bomber的名词复数 )；投弹手；安非他明胶囊；大麻叶香烟

参考例句：

• Enemy bombers carried out a blitz on the city. 敌军轰炸机对这座城市进行了突袭。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Royal Airforce sill remained dangerously short of bombers. 英国皇家空军仍未脱离极为缺乏轰炸机的危境。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 mosque   

n.清真寺

参考例句：

• The mosque is a activity site and culture center of Muslim religion.清真寺为穆斯林宗教活动场所和文化中心。
• Some years ago the clock in the tower of the mosque got out of order.几年前，清真寺钟楼里的大钟失灵了。

12 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。