离婚人士更易患心脏病？

 　　Divorcees are more likely to have a heart attack than their peers who stay married, US research suggests.

　　美国一项研究显示，离婚人士比其他婚姻关系正常的同龄人更易患心脏病。

　　An analysis of 15,827 people showed women were worst affected¹, and barely reduced the risk if they remarried.

　　该研究分析了15827人后发现，女人的心脏状况更易受到离婚的影响，并且再婚也几乎不会减少患病几率。

　　The study, published in the journal Circulation, argued that chronic² stress, linked to divorce, had a long-term impact on the body.

　　发表于美国《循环》杂志上的这项研究认为，由离婚引起的长期焦虑对身体健康有持久的不良影响。

　　The British Heart Foundation called for more research before divorce is classed as a major heart risk.

　　英国心脏基金会呼吁，在离婚被视为心脏病主要风险因素之前应进行更多研究。

　　离婚人士更易患心脏病？

　　We already know that the death of a close loved one can greatly increase the risk of a heart attack.

　　我们知道，亲密爱人的死亡会增加患心脏病的风险。

　　Now a team at Duke University has shown a similar effect after divorce.

　　现在美国杜克大学的研究小组发现，离婚也有类似的不良结果。

　　During the course of the study, between 1992 and 2010, roughly one in three people divorced at least once.

　　研究从1992开始进行到2010年，过程中发现，每三人中就有一人至少离婚一次。

　　Women who divorced once were 24% more likely to have had a heart attack in the study than women who were continuously married. The figure was 77% for those having multiple divorces.

　　离过一次婚的女性比持续在婚姻状态中的女性患心脏病的几率高出24%。如果离婚多次，心脏病发率将增加77%。

　　In men, there was a modest 10% extra risk for one divorce and 30% increase after multiple divorces.

　　对于男性，离婚一次增加10%的心脏病发率。多次离婚将增加30%病发率。

　　One of the researchers Prof Linda George said: "This risk is comparable to that of high blood pressure or if you have diabetes³, so it's right up there, it is pretty big."

　　其中的一位研究人员琳达·乔治教授说：“这跟高血压或糖尿病的风险接近，所以就此而言，风险还是相当高的。”

　　When it came to remarriage, the risk was only marginally reduced for women while men bounced back.

　　而如果再婚，对女人来说风险只是稍微降低了一点，对男人来说却如获新生。

　　"I think this is the most interesting bit in the paper," Prof George added.

　　乔治教授补充道：“我认为这是研究报告中最有意思的一点。”

　　She told the BBC News website: "We joke around here and call it the 'any-women-will-do orientation⁴' for men.

　　她告诉BBC新闻网站的记者：“我们就这一点打趣说，任何女人都能拯救男人。”

　　"They're more comfortable being married than not married and cope with different women being their spouses⁵.

　　“男性觉得结婚比不结婚更舒服，而且任何类型的女性做配偶，他们都能应付。”

　　"First marriages are protective for women and it's a little dicey after that."

　　“对于女性来说，第一次婚姻是为了寻求保护，之后的婚姻更具一点冒险精神。”

　　But why?

　　为什么呢？

　　The researchers found that changes in lifestyle, such as loss of income, could not explain the heightened risk.

　　研究人员发现，生活方式的改变，例如收入的减少，并不能解释这种风险的增加。

　　Prof George told the BBC News website: "My educated speculation⁶ is that we know that psychological distress⁷ is a constant stress on the immune system, higher levels of inflammation and stress hormones⁸ increase.

　　乔治教授表示：“我的推测是，精神的苦闷会给免疫系统带来持久的压力，导致各种炎症发生的几率更高，压力激素增加。”

　　"Immune function is altered for the worse and if that continues for many years it does take a physiological⁹ toll¹⁰."

　　“免疫功能遭到破坏，如果这种状况一直持续多年，就会导致健康出现问题。”

　　She argues the sex-difference is also found in depression and that divorce is a greater "psychological burden" for women although "we don't know exactly what's going on".

　　乔治认为，抑郁症还存在性别差异，离婚对女人来说“心理负担”更重，尽管“我们并不知道到底发生了什么”。

　　While tablets can reduce the risks caused by high blood pressure, there is no easy solution for the pain of divorce.

　　尽管吃药可以减少由高血压所带来的患病风险，但要想治愈离婚所带来的伤痛却并不容易。

　　The researchers recommend close, supportive friends.

　　专家建议从亲密的朋友关系中寻求支持和安慰。

　　Prof Jeremy Pearson, from the British Heart Foundation, commented: "We have known for some time that our mental health can affect our heart health.

　　英国心脏基金会的杰里米·皮尔森教授评论道：“我们知道，精神健康有时会影响心脏健康。

　　"This study suggests that divorce might increase a person's risk of a heart attack.

　　“这个研究指出，离婚会增加一个人患心脏病的风险。”

　　"But the results are not definitive¹¹ so further evidence would be needed before divorce could be considered a significant risk factor for causing a heart attack."

　　但结果尚未定论，所以在离婚被作为引起心脏病的一个重要风险因素之前，还需要获得进一步的证据。”

　　Vocabulary

　　chronic: 长期的

　　diabetes: 糖尿病

　　dicey: 前途未卜的，冒险的

1 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

2 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

3 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

4 orientation   

n.方向，目标；熟悉，适应，情况介绍

参考例句：

• Children need some orientation when they go to school.小孩子上学时需要适应。
• The traveller found his orientation with the aid of a good map.旅行者借助一幅好地图得知自己的方向。

5 spouses   

n.配偶，夫或妻( spouse的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Jobs are available for spouses on campus and in the community. 校园里和社区里有配偶可做的工作。 来自辞典例句
• An astonishing number of spouses-most particularly in the upper-income brackets-have no close notion of their husbands'paychecks. 相当大一部分妇女——特别在高收入阶层——并不很了解他们丈夫的薪金。 来自辞典例句

6 speculation   

n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机

参考例句：

• Her mind is occupied with speculation.她的头脑忙于思考。
• There is widespread speculation that he is going to resign.人们普遍推测他要辞职。

7 distress   

n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛

参考例句：

• Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。
• Please don't distress yourself.请你不要忧愁了。

8 hormones   

n. 荷尔蒙，激素 名词hormone的复数形式

参考例句：

• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
• The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。

9 physiological   

adj.生理学的，生理学上的

参考例句：

• He bought a physiological book.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
• Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient.每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。

10 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

11 definitive   

adj.确切的，权威性的；最后的，决定性的

参考例句：

• This book is the definitive guide to world cuisine.这本书是世界美食的权威指南。
• No one has come up with a definitive answer as to why this should be so.至于为什么该这样，还没有人给出明确的答复。