美国对抗肥胖新政 菜单标明卡路里

 　　The U.S. government will publish sweeping¹ new rules on Tuesday requiring chain restaurants and large vending² machine operators to disclose calorie counts on menus to make people more aware of the risks of obesity³ posed by fatty, sugary foods.

　　美国政府于25日出台一项食品行业新规定，要求连锁餐馆和大型自动售货机商家在菜单中标明食物所含的卡路里，以提醒人们高脂高糖食物会带来肥胖的风险。

　　"Obesity is a national epidemic⁴ that affects millions of Americans," Food and Drug Administration Commissioner⁵ Margaret Hamburg told reporters on a conference call on Monday.

　　“肥胖已成为一项全国通病，影响了数百万美国人，”美国国家食品和药物管理局（Food and Drug Administration）专员玛格利特·汉伯格（Margaret Hamburg）在24日的电话会议上告诉记者。

　　"Strikingly, Americans eat and drink about a third of their calories away from home."

　　“美国人摄入的卡路里中有约三分之一来自于在外就餐，这很令人惊讶。”

　　美国对抗肥胖新政 菜单标明卡路里

　　The FDA's new rules, which are part of the 2010 Affordable⁶ Care Act, set a national standard for restaurant chains with 20 or more outlets⁷.

　　食品和药物管理局出台的这项新规定是2010年美国平价医疗法案(Affordable Care Act)的一部分，适用于全美范围内拥有20家及以上连锁店的餐厅。

　　Under the rules, calories must be displayed on all menus and menu boards. Other nutritional⁸ information - including calories from fat, cholesterol⁹, sugars and protein - must be made available in writing upon request.

　　它规定所有的菜单和菜单板上必须标明卡路里数。其他营养成分的信息如脂肪、胆固醇、糖类和蛋白质所含的卡路里信息，如有要求，也必须能够以书面形式提供。

　　The new calorie rule covers meals at sit-down restaurants, take-out food, bakery items, ice cream from an ice-cream store and pizza, which will be labeled by the slice and whole pie. Seasonal¹⁰ menu items, such as a Thanksgiving dinner, daily specials and standard condiments¹¹ will be exempt¹².

　　餐馆内就餐、外卖、面包店内、冰淇淋店内的食物都必须遵循这一规则，比萨也会按每片或整张标记卡路里；但这一规则不包括时令性菜单如感恩节晚餐、每日特卖和标准调味品。

　　The final rule, unlike a 2011 proposal, includes movie theaters, amusement parks and alcoholic¹³ beverages¹⁴ served in restaurants, but not drinks mixed or served at a bar.

　　最终版本与2011年提案有所不同，它包含了电影院、游乐园内的食物和餐厅提供的酒精饮料，但不包括调制饮品和酒吧提供的饮品。

　　Restaurants have one year and vending machine operators have two years to comply with the new rules following publication in the Federal Register.

　　联邦公报公布后，餐厅的调整期限为一年，而售卖机为两年。

　　Panera Bread Co in 2010 became the first company to voluntarily display calorie information at all its cafes nationwide. Others, including McDonald's Corp and Starbucks Corp, followed suit.

　　2010年帕尼罗面包连锁餐厅（Panera Bread Co）成为第一家自愿在全国范围内的咖啡馆里标明卡路里的公司。其他公司像麦当劳和星巴克也效仿了这一做法。

　　The agency said it amended¹⁵ its proposals after considering more than 1,100 comments from industry, public health advocates and consumers.

　　管理机构称，食品行业、公共卫生倡议者和消费者对此提案提出了一千一百多条建议，他们在考虑过这些提议之后进行了修订。

　　It narrowed the scope to clearly focus on restaurant-type food. Still, there are nuances: Foods such as deli meat bought at a grocery store counter will be excluded. But the rules will apply to food eaten in grocery stores, such as meals purchased at in-house cafes.

　　它缩小了针对的食品范围，仅限于餐厅类食物。但这一概念本身也有细微差别：不包含像是在杂货店柜台买的熟食这一类食物。但在杂货店里吃的食物，如在咖啡馆里买了在店里吃就需要遵循这项规则。

　　Hamburg acknowledged that calorie counts for pizza slices and many other foods made on the premises¹⁶ will vary. Restaurants may draw on databases, cookbooks and food package labels to calculate calories.

　　汉伯格承认不同店里披萨片和其他食物所标注的卡路里会有所不同。餐厅可以根据数据库、食谱和食物包装上的标签来计算卡路里。

　　The restaurant industry has supported a national standard for years and welcomed the changes.

　　餐厅行业多年来支持这一规则成为全国标准，并欢迎这一变化。

　　"We believe that the Food and Drug Administration has positively¹⁷ addressed the areas of greatest concern," said Dawn Sweeney, chief executive of the National Restaurant Association, which represents 990,000 restaurant and food-service outlets.

　　美国国家餐馆协会（the National Restaurant Association）代表了99万家餐厅和食品专卖店。其首席执行官道恩·斯威尼（Dawn Sweeney）说，“我们相信国家食品和药物管理局已经积极地处理了这一广受关注的问题”。

　　Not all industry groups were satisfied.

　　并不是所有行业都满意这一规则。

　　"We are disappointed that the FDA?s final rules will capture grocery stores, and impose such a large and costly¹⁸ regulatory burden on our members," said Peter Larkin, president and CEO of the National Grocers Association.

　　美国食品杂货商协会（the National Grocers Association）主席兼任首席执行官彼得·拉金（Peter Larkin）说，“国家食品和药物管理局出台的这项规则的最终版本将包括杂货店，会给我们的成员施加沉重的规则负担和经济压力”。

　　National Automatic Merchandising Association, representing the food and refreshment¹⁹ vending industry, said it will "reserve judgment²⁰" on the impact on the industry, but said that two years was insufficient²¹ "implementation²² time", especially for small businesses.

　　美国自动售货协会（National Automatic Merchandising Association）作为食品和甜点售卖行业的代表，表示对这个规则所带来的影响持“保留”态度，但称两年不足以让企业尤其是小企业适应这一规则。

　　The rules aim to close a gap in the 1990 Nutrition Labeling and Education Act, which established nutrition labeling on most foods, but not restaurant or other ready-to-eat foods.

　　1990颁布的《营养标识和教育法》（Nutrition Labeling and Education Act）规定大多数食物必须标明营养成分，但没包含餐厅和其他即食食物。这项规则旨在对此进行改善。

　　Katie Bengston, Panera's nutrition manager, said menu labeling has not affected²³ its business: "We did not notice a jump in sales from higher calorie items to lower calorie items."

　　帕奈拉冷饮西餐厅（Panera）营养经理凯蒂·本斯顿（Katie Bengston）则表示在菜单上标明卡路里这一变化对生意没有影响，“我们没有看到高卡路里食物销售额猛降和低卡路里食物销量猛增”。

1 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

2 vending   

v.出售（尤指土地等财产）( vend的现在分词 )；（尤指在公共场所）贩卖；发表（意见，言论）；声明

参考例句：

• Why Are You Banging on the Vending Machine? 你为什么敲打这台自动售货机？ 来自朗文快捷英语教程 2
• Coca-Cola had to adapt almost 300,000 vending machines to accept the new coins. 可口可乐公司必须使将近三十万台自动贩卖机接受新货币。 来自超越目标英语 第5册

3 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

4 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

5 commissioner   

n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员

参考例句：

• The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
• He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。

6 affordable   

adj.支付得起的，不太昂贵的

参考例句：

• The rent for the four-roomed house is affordable.四居室房屋的房租付得起。
• There are few affordable apartments in big cities.在大城市中没有几所公寓是便宜的。

7 outlets   

n.出口( outlet的名词复数 )；经销店；插座；廉价经销店

参考例句：

• The dumping of foreign cotton blocked outlets for locally grown cotton. 外国棉花的倾销阻滞了当地生产的棉花的销路。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They must find outlets for their products. 他们必须为自己的产品寻找出路。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

8 nutritional   

adj.营养的，滋养的

参考例句：

• A diet lacking in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。
• The labels on food products give a lot of information about their nutritional content.食品上的标签提供很多关于营养成分的信息。

9 cholesterol   

n.（U）胆固醇

参考例句：

• There is cholesterol in the cell of body.人体细胞里有胆固醇。
• They are determining the serum-protein and cholesterol levels.他们正在测定血清蛋白和胆固醇的浓度。

10 seasonal   

adj.季节的，季节性的

参考例句：

• The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
• The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。

11 condiments   

n.调味品

参考例句：

• Refill and clean all salt and peppers, sugar bowls, and other condiments. 清洁并续满所有的胡椒瓶、盐瓶、糖缸及其他调料。
• Go easy on condiments, they tend to be salty. 别放太多调味品，这样往往会太咸。

12 exempt   

adj.免除的；v.使免除；n.免税者，被免除义务者

参考例句：

• These goods are exempt from customs duties.这些货物免征关税。
• He is exempt from punishment about this thing.关于此事对他已免于处分。

13 alcoholic   

adj.（含）酒精的，由酒精引起的；n.酗酒者

参考例句：

• The alcoholic strength of brandy far exceeds that of wine.白兰地的酒精浓度远远超过葡萄酒。
• Alcoholic drinks act as a poison to a child.酒精饮料对小孩犹如毒药。

14 beverages   

n.饮料( beverage的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• laws governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 控制酒类销售的法规
• regulations governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 含酒精饮料的销售管理条例

15 Amended   

adj. 修正的 动词amend的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He asked to see the amended version. 他要求看修订本。
• He amended his speech by making some additions and deletions. 他对讲稿作了些增删修改。

16 premises   

n.建筑物，房屋

参考例句：

• According to the rules,no alcohol can be consumed on the premises.按照规定，场内不准饮酒。
• All repairs are done on the premises and not put out.全部修缮都在家里进行，不用送到外面去做。

17 positively   

adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实

参考例句：

• She was positively glowing with happiness.她满脸幸福。
• The weather was positively poisonous.这天气着实讨厌。

18 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

19 refreshment   

n.恢复，精神爽快，提神之事物；（复数）refreshments:点心，茶点

参考例句：

• He needs to stop fairly often for refreshment.他须时不时地停下来喘口气。
• A hot bath is a great refreshment after a day's work.在一天工作之后洗个热水澡真是舒畅。

20 judgment   

n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见

参考例句：

• The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
• He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。

21 insufficient   

adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的

参考例句：

• There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
• In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代，科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。

22 implementation   

n.实施，贯彻

参考例句：

• Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

23 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。