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动词的不定式

时间:2016-10-31 04:12来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)
  动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语,其形式如下:
  (1)语态
  如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如:
  It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主语是被动语态to be invited是被邀请)
  It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主语)
  I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作宾语)
  Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语)
  He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语)
  在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。如:There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
  (2)时态
  1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
  He seems to know this.
  I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
  2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
  I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
  He seems to have caught a cold.
  3) 进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
  He seems to be eating something.
  4) 完成进行时:
  She is known1 to have been wreaking2 on the problem for many years.
  一般在情绪后加to do to do 也表将来
  编辑本段疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如:
  ①When to leave for London has not been decided3 yet. (不定式在句子中做主语)
  ②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做宾语)
  ③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做直接宾语)
  ④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表语)
  以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。如:①When we shall leave…③…how I
  could learn…
  经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。
  语法功能一、作主语
  动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
  (1)把不定式置于句首。如:
  To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
  (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:
  ①It+be+名词+to do
  It's our duty to take good care of the old.
  ②It takes sb+some time+to do
  How long did it take you to finish the work?
  ③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do
  It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an h
  It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.
  ④It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
  It seemed impossible to save money.
  在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.
  (3)举例
  (1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了
  easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
  the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
  It's so nice to hear your voice.
  听到你的声音真高兴。
  It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
  当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。
  (2) It's very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。
  Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful4, thoughtless5, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish6(自私的)
  例句:
  It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。
  It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。
  注意:(1) 其他系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型
  (2) 不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。
  (3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型
  (对)To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
  (错)It is to believe to see.

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 known hpKzdc     
adj.大家知道的;知名的,已知的
参考例句:
  • He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
  • He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。
2 wreaking 9daddc8eb8caf99a09225f9daa4dbd47     
诉诸(武力),施行(暴力),发(脾气)( wreak的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Coal mining is a messy business, often wreaking terrible environmental damage nearby. 采矿是肮脏的行业,往往会严重破坏周边环境。
  • The floods are wreaking havoc in low-lying areas. 洪水正在地势低洼地区肆虐。
3 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
4 thoughtful Wo4wg     
adj.思考的,沉思的,体贴的,关心的
参考例句:
  • She is thoughtful for her friends.她很体贴她的朋友们。
  • This is a thoughtful essay.这是一篇具有思想性的随笔。
5 thoughtless Xoswf     
adj.没有考虑的,无深虑的,轻率的
参考例句:
  • It was thoughtless of you to forget your sister's birthday.你真粗心,把你姐姐的生日都给忘了。
  • I wonder why you are so thoughtless of others.我很奇怪,你为何如此不替别人着想。
6 selfish 5z5ww     
adj.自私的,利己主义的,自我中心的
参考例句:
  • You must learn to share and not be so selfish.你一定要学会与他人分享,不要那么自私。
  • She is a selfish person.她是一个自私自利的人。
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