英译汉常用技巧(3)

 　　第三节 被动语态的译法一、大量的英语被动句要化成汉语的主动句1. He said the pact¹ had now been reduced to less than a shadow.

　　2. She had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on these reported plans.

　　3. What has just been written runs the risk of oversimplification.

　　4. Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market.

　　二、以by为着眼点，进行多种译文1. But real influence is not built up by striking attitude or by throwing insults.

　　2. Its sincerity² is illustrated³ not only by its proposal but also by its deeds.

　　3. What I like best are the stern cliffs, with ranges of mountains soaring behind them, full of possibilities, peaks to be scaled only by the most daring.

　　4. Many expect that he will be outed by one of his rivals.

　　5. He said he was assured by the State Department that the U.S. is willing to normalize relations with his country.

　　三、“it + be + p.p. + that clause”的句型，常以下列形式表达1. It should be noted⁴ that he and she were academically more than just friends.

　　2. It should be understood that to err⁵ is human.

　　四、汉译中需用被动式时，也最好多找一些字眼来取代“被”字1. The visitor was flattered and impressed.

　　2. Everybody was fed up with her gossip.

　　3. He was set upon by two naked men.

　　4. If the expenditure⁶ is really necessary, the money can be found somehow.

　　5. He was released immediately after Batista fled Cuba.

1 pact   

n.合同，条约，公约，协定

参考例句：

• The two opposition parties made an electoral pact.那两个反对党订了一个有关选举的协定。
• The trade pact between those two countries came to an end.那两国的通商协定宣告结束。

2 sincerity   

n.真诚，诚意；真实

参考例句：

• His sincerity added much more authority to the story.他的真诚更增加了故事的说服力。
• He tried hard to satisfy me of his sincerity.他竭力让我了解他的诚意。

3 illustrated   

adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• His lecture was illustrated with slides taken during the expedition. 他在讲演中使用了探险时拍摄到的幻灯片。
• The manufacturing Methods: Will be illustrated in the next chapter. 制作方法将在下一章说明。

4 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

5 err   

vi.犯错误，出差错

参考例句：

• He did not err by a hair's breadth in his calculation.他的计算结果一丝不差。
• The arrows err not from their aim.箭无虚发。

6 expenditure   

n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗

参考例句：

• The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把一切开支入账。
• The monthly expenditure of our family is four hundred dollars altogether.我们一家的开销每月共计四百元。