英译汉常用技巧(1)

 　　第一节 词义的选择、引申和褒贬一词多义(Polysemy)regularregular reading / regular job / regular flight / regular visitor / regular speed / regular army / gasolinedelicatedelicate skin / porcelain¹ / upbringing / living / health / stomach / vase / diplomatic question / difference / surgical² operation / ear for music / sense of smell / touch / food注意有线词的词义He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.

　　He now saw plainly the meaning of all. In the beginning, he had got a job the first day; but now he was second-hand³, a damaged article, and they did not want him. They had got the best out of him, and now they had thrown him away. The situation had now become desperate. Then came another incident.

　　词义的引申(Extension or Generalization)1) Extend the word meaning to cover an abstraction conceptHis novel is a mirror of the times.

　　The OED is the final court of appeal in all matters concerning English words.

　　Sam knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine.

　　2) Extend the word meaning to cover a specific conceptIn two years, he was a national phenomenon.

　　Public opinion is demanding more and more that something be done about noise.

　　Mary’s father, by his first marriage, had a daughter, Jane, Mary’s half-sister.

　　词义的褒贬(Commendatory and Derogatory)The reckless driver died in the traffic accident.

　　Poor Joe’s panic lasted for two or three days; during which he did not visit the house.

　　It was time to hold a court and the subject for discussion was the future of that prisoner.

　　John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well.

　　The invaders⁴ met a stubborn resistance from the local people.

　　She was vexed⁵ by the persistent⁶ ringing of the phone.

　　ExercisesI have no opinion of that sort of man.

　　She put five dollars into my hand. “You have been a great man today.”

　　I’m afraid you’re being too particular about your food.

　　I was the youngest son, and the youngest but two.

　　The picture flattered her.

　　The country not agreeing with her, she returned to England.

1 porcelain   

n.瓷；adj.瓷的，瓷制的

参考例句：

• These porcelain plates have rather original designs on them.这些瓷盘的花纹很别致。
• The porcelain vase is enveloped in cotton.瓷花瓶用棉花裹着。

2 surgical   

adj.外科的，外科医生的，手术上的

参考例句：

• He performs the surgical operations at the Red Cross Hospital.他在红十字会医院做外科手术。
• All surgical instruments must be sterilised before use.所有的外科手术器械在使用之前，必须消毒。

3 second-hand   

adj.用过的，旧的，二手的

参考例句：

• I got this book by chance at a second-hand bookshop.我赶巧在一家旧书店里买到这本书。
• They will put all these second-hand goods up for sale.他们将把这些旧货全部公开出售。

4 invaders   

入侵者，侵略者，侵入物( invader的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They prepared to repel the invaders. 他们准备赶走侵略军。
• The family has traced its ancestry to the Norman invaders. 这个家族将自己的世系追溯到诺曼征服者。

5 vexed   

adj.争论不休的；（指问题等）棘手的；争论不休的问题；烦恼的v.使烦恼( vex的过去式和过去分词 )；使苦恼；使生气；详细讨论

参考例句：

• The conference spent days discussing the vexed question of border controls. 会议花了几天的时间讨论边境关卡这个难题。
• He was vexed at his failure. 他因失败而懊恼。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

6 persistent   

adj.坚持不懈的，执意的；持续的

参考例句：

• Albert had a persistent headache that lasted for three days.艾伯特连续头痛了三天。
• She felt embarrassed by his persistent attentions.他不时地向她大献殷勤，使她很难为情。