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VOA慢速英语2022 专家追寻日本应对疫情巨大成功背后的真相

时间:2022-01-04 01:45来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

Many countries around the world are dealing1 with their worst coronavirus outbreaks yet. But one country, Japan, is seeing very few COVID-19 infections. Observers are trying to learn why.

世界上许多国家都在应对迄今为止最为严重的新冠肺炎疫情。但是日本这个国家出现的新冠肺炎感染病例很少。观察家们正试图了解其背后的原因。

As recently as late summer, Japan's coronavirus situation was not good. Deaths linked to COVID-19 were being reported each day. Hospitals were filled with coronavirus patients.

就在去年夏天,日本的新冠形势还不容乐观。每天都有与新冠肺炎相关的死亡报告。医院里挤满了新冠病毒患者。

In September, Japan sped up its vaccination2 campaign. The country saw a large drop in the number of reported cases. The number of deaths also sharply3 decreased.

去年九月,日本加快了疫苗接种运动。该国报告的病例数大幅下降。死亡人数也急剧下降。

Since then, the situation has continued to improve. In December, Japan has reported an average of less than one COVID-19 death a day. That is a shockingly low number for a country of 126 million people. No one knows exactly why Japan has experienced such success.

从那时起,新冠形势一直在改善。去年12月,日本报告的新冠肺炎死亡人数平均到每天要少于1人。对于一个拥有1.26亿人口的国家来说,这个一个低得惊人的数字。没有人确切知道为什么日本会取得如此大成功。

There are many possible explanations. Nearly 80 percent of Japan's population is fully4 vaccinated5. Nearly everyone wears masks. And, even after the government ended some restrictions6 this autumn, people continued to socially distance themselves.

有很多种可能的解释。日本近80%的人口都接种了疫苗。几乎每个人都戴着口罩。而且,即使去年秋天政府取消了一些限制之后,人们仍然继续保持社交距离。

Some researchers have pointed7 to Japan's low rates of obesity8. Several recent studies have found that COVID-19 is more severe in overweight individuals.

一些研究人员指出,日本的肥胖率很低。最近的几项研究发现,新冠肺炎在肥胖群体中更为严重。

Cultural customs may also play a part. For example, Japanese do not generally kiss, hug, or even shake hands when they meet.

文化习俗可能也起到了作用。例如,日本人见面时一般不会亲吻、拥抱甚至握手。

Many Japanese are also quiet in public settings, notes Kentaro Iwata. He is an infectious9 disease specialist at Japan's Kobe University.

岩田健太郎指出,许多日本人在公共场合也很安静。他是日本神户大学的传染病专家。

"Masking and keeping silent in public places is very important for fighting the virus. Everybody knows it, but practicing it can be very difficult in some parts of the world, maybe due to cultural reasons," Iwata said to VOA by email.

岩田健太郎通过邮件对美国之音表示:“在公共场所戴口罩和保持安静对于对抗病毒来说是非常重要的。每个人都知道这点,但是在世界上某些地方实现可能非常困难,这可能是由于文化原因。”

Those reasons, however, do not explain why nearby South Korea is dealing with its worst COVID-19 outbreak yet. South Korea shares many of the same cultural customs.

然而,这些原因并不能解释为什么邻近的韩国正在应对该国最严重的新冠肺炎疫情。韩国有许多相同的文化习俗。

Another possible explanation is that Japan is testing fewer people than other countries, said Kenji Shibuya. He is an epidemiologist and researcher at the Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research.

涉谷健二表示,另一种可能的解释是,日本检测人数要比其它国家少。他是东京政策研究基金会的流行病学家和研究员。

In the first half of December, Japan tested an average of 44,623 people a day, according to government data. South Korea, whose population is less than half that of Japan, carried out an average of 238,901 tests a day during the same period, according to official data.

根据政府数据,12月上半月,日本平均每天检测了44623人。根据官方数据,人口不到日本一半的韩国在同一时期平均每天进行238901次检测。

Because of Japan's lack of testing, it is difficult to believe that official case numbers represent reality, Shibuya told VOA in an email.

涉谷健二在邮件中对美国之音表示,由于日本缺乏检测,让人很难相信官方病例数字能代表现实情况。

However, if a lack of testing were the reason, Japan would have likely seen a rise in the number of hospitalizations or deaths.

然而,如果原因是缺乏检测,那么日本的住院或死亡人数可能就会增加。

Because there is not any clear explanation, some researchers have tried to search for a so-called X-factor. One study even suggested many Japanese people share a genetic10 feature linked to white blood cells that helps fight against COVID-19. Others think that the coronavirus version spreading in Japan may have changed itself so much it is disappearing.

由于没有任何明确的解释,一些研究人员试图寻找所谓的X因子。一些研究甚至表明,许多日本人都具备一个与白细胞相关的遗传特征,这有助于对抗新冠肺炎。还有人认为,在日本传播的新冠病毒版本可能已经发生了很大变化,以至于它开始消失。

But, the battle is not over, said Shibuya. He said he still expects the country to see a winter wave of infections.

但是涉谷健二表示,疫情还没结束。他说,他预计该国仍将出现一波冬季感染浪潮。

Japan identified its first cases of community spread of the omicron version of the virus. Scientists have said omicron spreads much faster than any earlier version of the virus. Officials say many of those found to be infected with omicron in Japan have no recent history of foreign travel.

日本发现了首个奥密克戎变种的社区传染病例。科学家们表示,奥密克戎的传播速度比之前任何版本的病毒都要快。官员们表示,许多在日本发现的奥密克戎感染病例最近都没有出国史。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 dealing NvjzWP     
n.经商方法,待人态度
参考例句:
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
2 vaccination bKGzM     
n.接种疫苗,种痘
参考例句:
  • Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
  • Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。
3 sharply UiRziL     
adj.锐利地,急速;adv.严厉地,鲜明地
参考例句:
  • The plane dived sharply and rose again.飞机猛然俯冲而后又拉了起来。
  • Demand for personal computers has risen sharply.对个人电脑的需求急剧增长。
4 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
5 vaccinated 8f16717462e6e6db3389d0f736409983     
[医]已接种的,种痘的,接种过疫菌的
参考例句:
  • I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
  • Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗?
6 restrictions 81e12dac658cfd4c590486dd6f7523cf     
约束( restriction的名词复数 ); 管制; 制约因素; 带限制性的条件(或规则)
参考例句:
  • I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
  • a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制
7 pointed Il8zB4     
adj.尖的,直截了当的
参考例句:
  • He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
  • She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。
8 obesity Dv1ya     
n.肥胖,肥大
参考例句:
  • One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
  • Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。
9 infectious I7jx1     
adj.传染的,有传染性的,有感染力的
参考例句:
  • Influenza is an infectious disease.流感是一种传染病。
  • What an infectious laugh she has!她的笑声多么具有感染力啊!
10 genetic PgIxp     
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
参考例句:
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
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