英语 英语 日语 日语 韩语 韩语 法语 法语 德语 德语 西班牙语 西班牙语 意大利语 意大利语 阿拉伯语 阿拉伯语 葡萄牙语 葡萄牙语 越南语 越南语 俄语 俄语 芬兰语 芬兰语 泰语 泰语 泰语 丹麦语 泰语 对外汉语

SCIENCE IN THE NEWS #2123 - Digest

时间:2005-04-26 16:00来源:互联网 提供网友:chen69   字体: [ ]
    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

15 科技新闻摘要(四)

DATE=5-8-01
TITLE=SCIENCE IN THE NEWS #2123 - Digest
BYLINE=Staff

VOICE ONE:
This is Bob Doughty1.
VOICE TWO:
And this is Sarah Long with Science in the News, a VOA Special English program about recent developments in science.  Today, we tell about a new drug to treat cancer of the blood.  We tell about a new study of the care of young children. And we tell about a lake in Africa that is (1)shrinking. 
((THEME))
VOICE ONE:
A new drug appears to produce good results as a (2) treatment for one kind of (3)leukemia or cancer of the blood.  In a recent study, the medicine helped patients' blood become normal in fifty-three out of fifty-four cases. Fifty-one of the patients still are doing well after taking the medicine for about one year. Cancer experts say this success rate is very unusual. However, researchers note that it is too early to know how the drug affects patients' (4) survival2 over long periods of time. 
Brian Druker of Oregon Health Sciences University led two studies of the drug.  The studies were published in the New England Journal of Medicine. 
VOICE TWO:
The new drug is called Gleevec. Recent tests show that Gleevec helps people who suffer from chronic3 (5)myeloid leukemia. There are several different kinds of leukemia. All of them affect the body's (6) production of blood cells. Chronic myeloid leukemia causes the body to produce unhealthy white blood cells.  After a period of time, the body produces more unhealthy cells than healthy ones. 
The drug works by (7)blocking the action of an (8)enzyme4 that does not work correctly within the body. The enzyme is said to be (9) defective5
A (10) chromosome6 lacking several genes7 causes the enzyme to be produced. The enzyme makes a (11) protein that causes defective white blood cells to be produced (12) uncontrollably. Gleevec appears to stop this process by blocking the action of the defective enzyme. 
VOICE ONE:
Gleevec also appears to fight different kinds of (13) cancer as well. Some researchers have had good results using the drug against cancer of the stomach and (14)intestines. Glivec is also being tested on some lung cancers and brain cancer. However, scientists say more research is necessary. 
Scientists say the drug may be important because it targets the cause of the disease without damaging other cells. They say the drug is also important because the goal of cancer research is to identify the differences between cancer cells and normal cells. 
Gleevec is made by the Swiss company Novartis. Novartis has asked the United States Food and Drug Administration to approve Gleevec for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. The drug company also permits some people to use the drug now through a special experimental program. 
 ((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
You are listening to the Special English program SCIENCE IN THE NEWS on VOA.  This is Sarah Long with Bob Doughty in Washington.  
VOICE TWO:
An American study has linked aggression8 in children to the amount of time they spend away from their mothers.  
The study compared young children who stayed with their mothers to children who were cared for by other people.  It found that those who spent long periods away from their mothers were more likely to be (15) aggressive toward other children.  They were also more likely to (16) disobey orders.  
Study organizers say the findings were true, even when they considered different kinds of childcare or the family's (17) financial situation. 
The ten-year study is widely considered the most complete (18) investigation9 yet of childcare in the United States.  The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development provided financial support for the study.  The (19) agency is part of the National (20) Institutes of Health.
VOICE ONE:
Childcare is a major issue in the United States and other countries.  The Children's Defense10 Fund is a group concerned with improving the (21) quality of childcare.  It (22) reports that thirteen- million young American children are cared for by someone other than their parents until they are old enough to begin school. Children usually begin school at the age of five or six. 
The Children's (23) Defense Fund reports that almost thirty percent of young children are in child care centers.  Such centers usually care for thirteen or more children while their parents are at work. About fifteen percent of young boys and girls are cared for by someone in a private home.  Five percent stay in their own home with someone other than a parent or family member.  
About twenty-five percent of young children stay with a family member.  The remaining twenty- four percent are cared for by one or both of their parents.  
VOICE TWO:
The new study involved more than one- thousand- three- hundred children in ten American cities.  The children spent an (24) average of twenty-six hours a week away from their mothers in childcare.
Researchers found that seventeen percent of the children who spent more than thirty hours a week in child care showed behavior problems by the time they were ready to start school.  Only six percent of those who spent less than ten hours a week in childcare had the same problems.  
Jay Belsky of the University of London was one of the lead investigators11 in the study.  He said children who spent more than thirty hours a week in childcare were more demanding and (25) aggressive.  He said they also were more likely to fight with other children, do bad things to other children and talk too much.  
VOICE ONE:
The study had other interesting findings.  The boys and girls who spent more time in childcare were found to be more fearful and sad compared to other children.  However, these differences disappeared by the time the children were ready to begin school.  
There was also good news for boys and girls who spent long periods in child care centers during their early years.  The study found they were more likely to have better (26) language skills and better short-term memory.  
VOICE TWO:
Doctor Belsky warned parents not to overreact to the study's findings.  He said the findings do not mean that children in childcare are a danger to society.  He suggested that parents could increase the time they spend with their children.  
Some experts on work and family life question the findings.  They say many American mothers have to work.  They say childcare is the only choice for some families if they want to avoid being poor.  Other experts say the study suggests the need to improve the quality of childcare in the United States.  
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE ONE:
Scientists say there has been a severe (27) decrease in the amount of water in Lake Chad in northern Africa in the last thirty years.  They report that nature and humans share equal blame for this loss.  In 1963, the fresh-water lake covered twenty-five-thousand-square kilometers. Now the lake is only about five percent of that size. It measures only about 1,300 square kilometers in the dry season.  
Four nations surround Lake Chad.  People in (28) Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and (29) Cameroon use it for water and fish.
VOICE TWO:
Michael Coe and Jonathan Foley are water experts at the University of Wisconsin in Madison.  They reported about Lake Chad in the Journal of (30) Geophysical Research.  They say the area has suffered from a lack of heavy rain for more than thirty years. This has forced people to build systems to carry water to dry land.  These irrigation systems further decrease the lake.
Mister Coe says Lake Chad will be only a small body of water in the future.  He says people still can get water from the lake to drink and for crops. But he says the lake will no longer provide a healthy environment for fish and plant life.
VOICE ONE:
The researchers used a computer to study what caused the water loss.  They say major irrigation systems were built in the Nineteen-Eighties.  The systems took water from two rivers that flow into Lake Chad.  The Chari and Logone rivers carry most of the water that enters the lake. 
The study showed the increased (31) irrigation reduced the flow in the two rivers.  Climate changes also were responsible for the reduction.  Today the flow of the two rivers has been reduced by almost seventy-five percent.
Scientists say the problem is expected to worsen in the coming years as the population and demand for water continue to increase. 
 ((THEME))
VOICE TWO:
This SCIENCE IN THE NEWS program was written by Mario Ritter, George Grow and Jerilyn Watson. It was produced by George Grow.  This is Sarah Long.
VOICE ONE:
And this is Bob Doughty.  Join us again next week for more news about science in Special English on the Voice of America.

注释:
(1) shrink[ FriNk ]v.收缩, (使)皱缩, 缩短
(2) treatment[ 5tri:tmEnt ]n.待遇, 对待, 处理, 治疗
(3) leukemia[ lju:5ki:miE ]n.白血病
(4) survival[ sE5vaivEl ]n.生存, 幸存
(5) myeloid[ 5maiE7lCid ]a.骨髓的
(6) production[ prE5dQkFEn ]n.生产, 产品
(7) blocking[ 5blCkiN ]v.舞台场面设计,舞台调度
(8) Enzyme [5enzaIm] n. [生化] 酶
(9) defective[ di5fektiv ]adj.有缺陷的
(10) chromosome[ 5krEumEsEum ]n.[生物]染色体
(11) protein[ 5prEuti:n ]n.[生化]蛋白质
(12) uncontrollable[QnkEn5trEJlEb(E)l]adj.无法控制的
(13) cancer[ 5kAnsE ]n.癌, 毒瘤
(14) intestine[ in5testin ]adj.内部的, 国内的n.[解, 动]肠
(15) aggressive[ E5^resiv ]adj.好斗的, 敢做敢为的
(16) disobey[ 5disE5bei ]v.违反, 不服从
(17) financial[ fai5nAnFEl, 7fi- ]adj.财政的, 金融的
(18) investigation[ in7vesti5^eiFEn ]n.调查, 研究
(19) agency[ 5eidVEnsi ]n.代理处, 行销处
(20) institute[ 5institju:t ]n.学会, 学院
(21) quality[ 5kwCliti ]n.质量, 品质
(22) report[ ri5pC:t ]n.报告, 传说v.报导, 汇报
(23) defense[ di5fens ]n.(美国)国防部, 防卫v.谋划抵御
(24) average[ 5AvEridV ]adj.一般的, 通常的v.平均v.买进, 卖出
(25) aggressive[ E5^resiv ]adj.好斗的, 敢做敢为的
(26) language[ 5lAN^widV ]n.语言
(27) decrease[ di:5kri:s ]n.减少, 减少之量v.减少
(28) Niger[ 5naidVE ]n.尼日尔(非洲中西部国家)
(29) Cameroon[ 5kAmEru:n ]n.喀麦隆(非洲西部国家)
(30) geophysical[9dVi:EJ`fIzIkEl]adj.地球物理学的
(31) irrigation[ 7iri5^eiFEn ]n.灌溉, 冲洗


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 doughty Jk5zg     
adj.勇猛的,坚强的
参考例句:
  • Most of successful men have the characteristics of contumacy and doughty.绝大多数成功人士都有共同的特质:脾气倔强,性格刚强。
  • The doughty old man battled his illness with fierce determination.坚强的老人用巨大毅力与疾病作斗争。
2 survival lrJw9     
n.留住生命,生存,残存,幸存者
参考例句:
  • The doctor told my wife I had a fifty-fifty chance of survival.医生告诉我的妻子,说我活下去的可能性只有50%。
  • The old man was a survival of a past age.这位老人是上一代的遗老。
3 chronic BO9zl     
adj.(疾病)长期未愈的,慢性的;极坏的
参考例句:
  • Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
  • Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。
4 enzyme cPozF     
n.酵素,酶
参考例句:
  • Above a certain temperature,the enzyme molecule will become unfolded.超过一定温度,酶分子将会展开。
  • An enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots.能溶解血凝块中的纤维的酶。
5 defective qnLzZ     
adj.有毛病的,有问题的,有瑕疵的
参考例句:
  • The firm had received bad publicity over a defective product. 该公司因为一件次品而受到媒体攻击。
  • If the goods prove defective, the customer has the right to compensation. 如果货品证明有缺陷, 顾客有权索赔。
6 chromosome 7rUzX     
n.染色体
参考例句:
  • Chromosome material with exhibits of such behaviour is called heterochromatin.表现这种现象的染色体物质叫做异染色质。
  • A segment of the chromosome may become lost,resulting in a deletion.染色体的一个片段可能会丢失,结果产生染色体的缺失。
7 genes 01914f8eac35d7e14afa065217edd8c0     
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
8 aggression WKjyF     
n.进攻,侵略,侵犯,侵害
参考例句:
  • So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结,就不必惧怕外来侵略。
  • Her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。
9 investigation MRKzq     
n.调查,调查研究
参考例句:
  • In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
  • He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。
10 defense AxbxB     
n.防御,保卫;[pl.]防务工事;辩护,答辩
参考例句:
  • The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
  • The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
11 investigators e970f9140785518a87fc81641b7c89f7     
n.调查者,审查者( investigator的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • This memo could be the smoking gun that investigators have been looking for. 这份备忘录可能是调查人员一直在寻找的证据。
  • The team consisted of six investigators and two secretaries. 这个团队由六个调查人员和两个秘书组成。 来自《简明英汉词典》
本文本内容来源于互联网抓取和网友提交,仅供参考,部分栏目没有内容,如果您有更合适的内容,欢迎点击提交分享给大家。
------分隔线----------------------------
TAG标签:   SCIENCE IN THE NEWS  SCIENCE  IN  THE  NEWS
顶一下
(0)
0%
踩一下
(0)
0%
最新评论 查看所有评论
发表评论 查看所有评论
请自觉遵守互联网相关的政策法规,严禁发布色情、暴力、反动的言论。
评价:
表情:
验证码:
听力搜索
推荐频道
论坛新贴