欧洲－美国称世界各国反犹太主义行动增多

 

US Reports Global Increase in Acts of Anti-Semitism

 

The U.S. government said Wednesday that long-standing anti-Jewish prejudice, anti-Israel sentiment, and a rise in Europe's Muslim population, are contributing to an increase in world-wide acts of anti-Semitism. The finding came in a State Department report mandated¹ by Congress.

 

In the first of what are to be annual reports on the problem, the State Department says anti-Semitic incidents, especially in Europe, have increased in frequency and severity in the new century, and have disrupted the safety and well-being² of Jewish communities.

 

The State Department report, mandated by an act of Congress last year, covers 62 countries and documents anti-Semitic acts around the world between July 2003 and the end of last year.

 

The report says overt³ acts of anti-Semitism have increased significantly in recent years including physical assaults on Jews and attacks and vandalism of Jewish institutions.

 

It says that in Western Europe, traditional far-right groups still account for a significant proportion of these acts.

 

But it says disadvantaged and disaffected⁴ Muslim youths were increasingly responsible for other incidents and that the trend appears likely to persist as the number of Muslims in Europe grows and their economic prospects⁵ remain limited.

 

The report says the rise in anti-Jewish acts and sentiments has been influenced by Middle Eastern events and mixed with anti-Israel views.

 

At a news briefing, Acting⁶ Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy and Human Rights Michael Kozak said not all anti-Israel rhetoric⁷ is anti-Semitic. But he said the lines between the two are becoming blurred⁸.

 

He also said the stereotype⁹ of Jews as manipulators of the world economy persists, and that anti-Semitic language has crept into, for instance, leftwing criticism of economic globalization:

 

Michael Kozak: You know it's not just some rightwing ultra-nationalist skinhead types. Now you're getting some fairly, otherwise respectable intellectuals that are left-of-center, who are anti-globalization who are starting to let this stuff creep into their rhetoric, and that's disturbing.

 

The report says there have been few incidents of attacks on the members of the diminishing Jewish communities in the Arab world.

 

But it says official and state-supported anti-Zionist propaganda in Arab media, notably¹⁰ Syria's, often crosses the line separating legitimate¹¹ criticism of Israel and its policies from anti-Semitic vilification¹².

 

The State Department's Special Envoy¹³ for Holocaust¹⁴ Issues Edward O'Donnell says the difference is not difficult to determine:

 

Edward O'Donnell: Where I think we are on firm ground is the denial of Israel's right to exist, or denial of the Holocaust, or a double standard for Israel, or demonizing Israel's leaders. These are examples, demonizing Israel's leaders for example with a cartoon with a swastika and so on. Those are the type of clear examples where I think it is commonly agreed that that becomes anti-Semitic.

 

The report said there were not uniform statistics for anti-Semitic acts in the countries covered, so comparisons were difficult to make.

 

It said France reported more than 500 anti-Semitic incidents in the first six months of last year, nearly as many as in all of 2003.

 

It said in Russia, Belarus and elsewhere in the former Soviet¹⁵ Union, anti-Semitism remained a serious problem with most incidents blamed on ultra-nationalist and other far-right elements.

 

The report said there is widespread anti-Semitic sentiment in Pakistan, a country without a Jewish community, fanned by anti-Semitic press commentary.

 

It also said there were notable anti-Semitic incidents during the reporting period in Argentina and isolated¹⁶ incidents in a number of other Latin American countries.

 

France, Belgium and Germany are credited with effective measures to combat anti-Semitism. Mention is made of the recent French decision to revoke¹⁷ the satellite broadcast license¹⁸ of al-Manar, a TV network run by Lebanon's pro-Iranian Hezbollah party, which is said to feature blatantly¹⁹ anti-Semitic material.

 

David Gollust, VOA news, the State Department.

 

注释：

prejudice [5predVudis] n. 偏见

vandalism [5vAndEliz(E)m] n. 恶意破坏的行为

disaffected [disE5fektid] adj. 抱不平的，有叛意的，不服的

stereotype [5stiEriEutaip] n. 陈腔滥调，老套

ultra-nationalist 极端民族主义者

diminishing [di5miniFiN] adj. 逐渐缩小的

Zionist 支持或拥护犹太人复国运动者

vilification [9vilifi5keiFEn] n. 污蔑，中伤，诽谤

revoke [ri5vEuk] vt. 撤回，废除

 

1 mandated   

adj. 委托统治的

参考例句：

• Mandated desegregation of public schools. 命令解除公立学校中的种族隔离
• Britain was mandated to govern the former colony of German East Africa. 英国受权代管德国在东非的前殖民地。

2 well-being   

n.安康，安乐，幸福

参考例句：

• He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
• My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。

3 overt   

adj.公开的，明显的，公然的

参考例句：

• His opponent's intention is quite overt.他的对手的意图很明显。
• We should learn to fight with enemy in an overt and covert way.我们应学会同敌人做公开和隐蔽的斗争。

4 disaffected   

adj.（政治上）不满的，叛离的

参考例句：

• He attracts disaffected voters.他吸引了心怀不满的选民们。
• Environmental issues provided a rallying point for people disaffected with the government.环境问题把对政府不满的人们凝聚了起来。

5 prospects   

n.希望，前途(恒为复数)

参考例句：

• There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
• They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。

6 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

7 rhetoric   

n.修辞学，浮夸之言语

参考例句：

• Do you know something about rhetoric?你懂点修辞学吗？
• Behind all the rhetoric,his relations with the army are dangerously poised.在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后，他和军队的关系岌岌可危。

8 blurred   

v.（使）变模糊( blur的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）难以区分；模模糊糊；迷离

参考例句：

• She suffered from dizziness and blurred vision. 她饱受头晕目眩之苦。
• Their lazy, blurred voices fell pleasantly on his ears. 他们那种慢吞吞、含糊不清的声音在他听起来却很悦耳。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 stereotype   

n.固定的形象，陈规，老套，旧框框

参考例句：

• He's my stereotype of a schoolteacher.他是我心目中的典型教师。
• There's always been a stereotype about successful businessmen.人们对于成功商人一直都有一种固定印象。

10 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

11 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

12 vilification   

n.污蔑，中伤，诽谤

参考例句：

• They pelted him with ridicule and vilification. 他们用嘲笑和丑化对他进行猛烈的攻击。 来自互联网
• Bishop's letter was the signal for a campaign of vilification and intimidation unequaled in American history. 主教的信是发动一场在美国历史上没有前例的诬蔑和恐吓运动的信号。 来自互联网

13 envoy   

n.使节，使者，代表，公使

参考例句：

• Their envoy showed no sign of responding to our proposals.他们的代表对我方的提议毫无回应的迹象。
• The government has not yet appointed an envoy to the area.政府尚未向这一地区派过外交官。

14 holocaust   

n.大破坏；大屠杀

参考例句：

• The Auschwitz concentration camp always remind the world of the holocaust.奥辛威茨集中营总是让世人想起大屠杀。
• Ahmadinejad is denying the holocaust because he's as brutal as Hitler was.内贾德否认大屠杀，因为他像希特勒一样残忍。

15 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

16 isolated   

adj.与世隔绝的

参考例句：

• His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
• Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。

17 revoke   

v.废除，取消，撤回

参考例句：

• The university may revoke my diploma.大学可能吊销我的毕业证书。
• The government revoked her husband's license to operate migrant labor crews.政府撤销了她丈夫管理外来打工人群的许可证。

18 license   

n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许

参考例句：

• The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
• The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。

19 blatantly   

ad.公开地

参考例句：

• Safety guidelines had been blatantly ignored. 安全规章被公然置之不顾。
• They walked grandly through the lobby, blatantly arm in arm, pretending they were not defeated. 他们大大方方地穿过门厅，故意炫耀地挎着胳膊，假装他们没有被打败。