TED演讲:医学的未来?也许是手机上的一个应用程序(5)

 We use those in my field of bone marrow¹ transplantation.  我们把这些干细胞用于骨髓移植领域。

Geron, just last year, started the first trial using human embryonic³ stem cells to treat spinal⁴ cord injuries.  杰龙去年开始第一次尝试用人类的胚胎干细胞治疗脊髓疾病。

Still a Phase I trial, but evolving.  仍在试验阶段，但是不断进展。

We've been actually using adult stem cells now in clinical trials for about 15 years to approach a whole range of topics, particularly in cardiovascular disease. 我们已经应用成体干细胞在临床试验大约15年了,在不同的课题，尤其是心血管病。

We take our own bone marrow cells and treat a patient with a heart attack,  我们取出自己的骨髓细胞治疗心脏病人，

we can see much improved heart function and actually better survival using our own bone marrow drive cells after a heart attack.  我们可以看到心脏功能改善了并且存活率提高了在心脏病发作后用我们自己的骨髓细胞。

I invented a device called the MarrowMiner,  我发明了一种装置叫骨髓采集器MarrowMiner，

a much less invasive way for harvesting bone marrow.  一种温和得多的收集骨髓的方式。

It's now been FDA approved,  它已经被FDA认证，

and it'll hopefully be on the market in the next year or so.  将会在一两年内投放市场。

Hopefully you can appreciate the device there curving through the patient's body and removing the patient's bone marrow,  希望你能重视这种装置,它沿着患者的身体曲线获取患者的骨髓，

instead of with 200 punctures⁶, with just a single puncture⁵ under local anesthesia.  以前需要200次穿刺，现在在局部麻醉的情况下只要一次穿刺。

But where is stem cell therapy really going?  但是干细胞治疗的前景会怎样？

If you think about it, every cell in your body has the same DNA⁷ as you had when you were an embryo².  如果你考虑一下，身体里的每个细胞有同样的DNA在你还是胚胎的时候就形成了。

We can now reprogram your skin cells  我们现在能重新构造你的皮肤细胞

to actually act like a pluripotent embryonic stem cell  就像一个多能的胚胎干细胞,

and to utilize⁸ those potentially to treat multiple organs in that same patient making your own personalized stem cell lines.  利用这种技术可能治疗同一个患者的多个器官制造你自己个人化的干细胞系。

And I think they'll be a new era of your own stem cell banking⁹ to have in the freezer your own cardiac cells,  我认为这将是你自己干细胞库的新时代把你自己的心肌细胞存放在冰箱中，

myocytes and neural¹⁰ cells to use them in the future, should you need them.  还可以是肌肉细胞和神经细胞在你将来需要它们的时候用。

And we're integrating this now with a whole era of cellular¹¹ engineering,  我们现在集成这些技术作为一整个细胞工程学时代。

and integrating exponential technologies for essentially¹² 3D organ printing replacing the ink with cells and essentially building and reconstructing a 3D organ. 集成指数技术对于3D器官复制,用细胞替代墨水最终重建一个3D器官。

That's where things are going to head -- still very early days.  这是未来的展望；仍然在初始阶段。

But I think, as integration¹³ of exponential technologies,  但是我认为，作为指数技术集成，

this is the example.  这是一个例子。

So in close, as you think about technology trends and how to impact health and medicine, 近期，当你考虑技术趋势怎样影响健康和医学，

we're entering an era of miniaturization,  我们正进入小型化

decentralization and personalization.  分散化和个性化时代。

And I think by pulling these things together,  我认为把这些特性结合在一起，

if we can start to think about how to understand and leverage¹⁴ these,  如果我们能开始思考怎样了解和利用这些技术，

we're going to empower the patient,  我们将会使患者恢复地更好，

enable the doctor, enhance wellness and begin to cure the well before they get sick.  医生更有能力，增强福利防患于未然。

Because I know as a doctor, if someone comes to me with Stage I disease,  因为作为医生我知道，如果某人在患病初期找到我，

I'm thrilled -- we can often cure them.  我很高兴--我们通常能治愈他们。

But often it's too late and it's Stage III or IV cancer, for example.  但是经常太晚了，比方说癌症3期或者4期。

So by leveraging¹⁵ these technologies together,  通过集成这些技术，

I think we'll enter a new era that I like to call Stage 0 medicine.  我认为我们将进入一个新时代我愿意叫它零阶段医学。

And as a cancer doctor, I'm looking forward to being out of a job.  作为一名癌症医生，我期待失业。

Thanks very much.  非常感谢。

Host: Thank you. Thank you.  主持人：谢谢。谢谢。

Take a bow. Take a bow.  鞠躬。鞠躬。

1 marrow   

n.骨髓；精华；活力

参考例句：

• It was so cold that he felt frozen to the marrow. 天气太冷了，他感到寒冷刺骨。
• He was tired to the marrow of his bones.他真是累得筋疲力尽了。

2 embryo   

n.胚胎，萌芽的事物

参考例句：

• They are engaging in an embryo research.他们正在进行一项胚胎研究。
• The project was barely in embryo.该计划只是个雏形。

3 embryonic   

adj.胚胎的

参考例句：

• It is still in an embryonic stage.它还处于萌芽阶段。
• The plan,as yet,only exists in embryonic form.这个计划迄今为止还只是在酝酿之中。

4 spinal   

adj.针的，尖刺的，尖刺状突起的；adj.脊骨的，脊髓的

参考例句：

• After three days in Japan,the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.在日本三天，就已经使脊椎骨变得富有弹性了。
• Your spinal column is made up of 24 movable vertebrae.你的脊柱由24个活动的脊椎骨构成。

5 puncture   

n.刺孔，穿孔；v.刺穿，刺破

参考例句：

• Failure did not puncture my confidence.失败并没有挫伤我的信心。
• My bicycle had a puncture and needed patching up.我的自行车胎扎了个洞，需要修补。

6 punctures   

n.（尖物刺成的）小孔( puncture的名词复数 )；（尤指）轮胎穿孔；（尤指皮肤上被刺破的）扎孔；刺伤v.在（某物）上穿孔( puncture的第三人称单数 )；刺穿（某物）；削弱（某人的傲气、信心等）；泄某人的气

参考例句：

• My car has had two punctures this week. 这个星期我的汽车轮胎被戳破两次。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• SCULLY: Needle punctures, maybe. An animal bite. Electrocution of some kind. 针刺的，也许。动物的咬伤。某种电击。 来自互联网

7 DNA   

(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

参考例句：

• DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
• Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

8 utilize   

vt.使用，利用

参考例句：

• The cook will utilize the leftover ham bone to make soup.厨师要用吃剩的猪腿骨做汤。
• You must utilize all available resources.你必须利用一切可以得到的资源。

9 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

10 neural   

adj.神经的，神经系统的

参考例句：

• The neural network can preferably solve the non- linear problem.利用神经网络建模可以较好地解决非线性问题。
• The information transmission in neural system depends on neurotransmitters.信息传递的神经途径有赖于神经递质。

11 cellular   

adj.移动的；细胞的，由细胞组成的

参考例句：

• She has a cellular telephone in her car.她的汽车里有一部无线通讯电话机。
• Many people use cellular materials as sensitive elements in hygrometers.很多人用蜂窝状的材料作为测量温度的传感元件。

12 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

13 integration   

n.一体化，联合，结合

参考例句：

• We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
• This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。

14 leverage   

n.力量，影响；杠杆作用，杠杆的力量

参考例句：

• We'll have to use leverage to move this huge rock.我们不得不借助杠杆之力来移动这块巨石。
• He failed in the project because he could gain no leverage. 因为他没有影响力，他的计划失败了。

15 leveraging   

促使…改变( leverage的现在分词 )； [美国英语]杠杆式投机，（使）举债经营，（使）利用贷款进行投机

参考例句：

• De-leveraging is a painful process: it has barely begun. 去杠杆化是个痛苦的过程：它才刚刚开始。
• Archimedes said, saying: Give me a fulcrum, I can leveraging the Earth. 阿基米德说过一句话：给我一个支点，我可以撬动地球。