英国学生科学读本 第20期:公鸡和母鸡

 　　Lesson20 Cocks and hens

　　第20课 公鸡和母鸡

　　I know that many boys and girls like to eat eggs for their breakfast and for their tea. They like puddings, too, that are made with eggs. Where do these eggs come from?

　　我知道, 很多小朋友在吃早饭, 喝下午茶的时候, 都喜欢吃鸡蛋。小朋友们也喜欢吃布丁, 布丁也是鸡蛋做的。那鸡蛋是从哪儿来的呢?

　　They are laid by a bird called the hen. If the hen is allowed to sit on her eggs and keep them warm for three weeks, out of each egg there will come a little bird called a chick or chicken.

　　鸡蛋是一种叫母鸡的鸟下的。要是母鸡能在蛋上, 坐上三个星期, 让蛋保持温暖, 每只蛋里就会钻出一只小鸡（chick或chicken）。

　　The father bird is called the cock. He is larger than his mate, the hen, and has very pretty feathers. Look at the feathers of his tail, how they bend over in an arch. On his head he has a red comb, and under his bill he has folds of soft skin called "wattles. "

　　公鸡, 个头比它的伴侣, 也就是母鸡要大, 羽毛很漂亮。看看公鸡尾巴上的羽毛, 弯成了一个圆弧形。头上有一个红色的鸡冠（comb）；公鸡的嘴下面也有几片柔软的皮肤, 叫做垂肉（wattles）。

　　Hens, and cocks, and chickens are all called poultry¹ or fowls³. They are kept by farmers in the country. A COCK（公鸡）

　　公鸡、母鸡、小鸡统称鸡, （poultry或fowls）, 是让农民养在乡村的。

　　The body of the common fowl² is round and heavy. When fowls are well fed, their flesh is tender and very good to eat. Their wings are rather small for their heavy bodies, and so they cannot fly well.

　　一般的鸡, 身体是圆滚滚的, 分量很沉。如果鸡喂养得很好, 肉就很软, 很好吃。鸡翅膀对沉重的身体来说太小了, 所以鸡的飞翔能力不强。

　　On each foot they have three toes in front and one toe behind; and there is a strong nail on each toe. Fowls get much of their food by scratching up insects and seeds out of the ground with their toes.

　　鸡的每只脚上都长着三个向前的脚趾, 一个向后的脚趾, 每个脚趾上都有一个坚硬的爪子。鸡用脚趾从土里刨出虫子和谷粒来吃, 它的大部分食物都是这么来的。

　　The fowl has a very strong bill to crack seeds with, but it has no teeth for chewing its food. When the food is swallowed, it goes into a kind of little mill called the "gizzard. "

　　鸡有一个特别坚硬的嘴, 学名叫“喙”（bill）；鸡就是用喙来啄开谷粒的, 但鸡并没有牙, 不能嚼食物。食物咽下去之后, 会进入一个小小的加工厂, 名叫“砂囊”（gizzard）。

　　The gizzard is a strong bag. It is nearly full of stones and gravel⁴ which the fowl has swallowed. The food is squeezed and crushed among these stones, and made fine and soft.

　　砂囊是一个强壮的肌肉构成的袋子, 里面几乎盛满了鸡吞下去的石头和沙砾。食物就在这些石头中间挤压、磨碎, 变得又细又软。

　　At night fowls go to roost. They do not lie down, but perch⁵ on a board or a branch. They get up as soon as the sun rises, and then the cock begins to crow. When he crows, he makes a funny noise like "cock-a-doodle-doo!"

　　晚上, 鸡就回到鸡窝（roost）里去了, 鸡睡觉的时候并不躺下, 而是栖息在板子或者树枝上。太阳一出来, 鸡也就起来了, 公鸡开始打鸣儿（crow）, 打鸣儿的声音很好玩：“喔——喔喔——喔！”

　　The hen cackles when she has laid an egg. When she finds any food, she makes a clucking sound to call her chicks to come and eat it. When the chicks hear a noise, they run to the hen, and she covers them with her wings.

　　母鸡下完了蛋以后, 会“咯咯”（cackle）地叫, 母鸡在找到食物的时候, 也会发出另一种咯咯的声音, 让别的母鸡过来吃食。小鸡听见什么响动, 就会朝母鸡跑过来, 母鸡会把它们盖在自己的翅膀下面。

1 poultry   

n.家禽，禽肉

参考例句：

• There is not much poultry in the shops. 商店里禽肉不太多。
• What do you feed the poultry on? 你们用什么饲料喂养家禽?

2 fowl   

n.家禽，鸡，禽肉

参考例句：

• Fowl is not part of a traditional brunch.禽肉不是传统的早午餐的一部分。
• Since my heart attack,I've eaten more fish and fowl and less red meat.自从我患了心脏病后，我就多吃鱼肉和禽肉，少吃红色肉类。

3 fowls   

鸟( fowl的名词复数 )； 禽肉； 既不是这； 非驴非马

参考例句：

• A great number of water fowls dwell on the island. 许多水鸟在岛上栖息。
• We keep a few fowls and some goats. 我们养了几只鸡和一些山羊。

4 gravel   

n.砂跞；砂砾层；结石

参考例句：

• We bought six bags of gravel for the garden path.我们购买了六袋碎石用来铺花园的小路。
• More gravel is needed to fill the hollow in the drive.需要更多的砾石来填平车道上的坑洼。

5 perch   

n.栖木，高位，杆；v.栖息，就位，位于

参考例句：

• The bird took its perch.鸟停歇在栖木上。
• Little birds perch themselves on the branches.小鸟儿栖歇在树枝上。