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大学体验英语第四册Unit6-Passage B

时间:2007-01-17 16:00来源:互联网 提供网友:belle0920   字体: [ ]
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A Working Man is a Healthy Man
OK, you're only 30-years-old - or maybe even 40 or 50 - and are already fantasizing about retiring. You've got the (fill in the blank: stock options, trust fund, rich wife) in place and now the only question is when. What's the best time to devote yourself full-time1 to golf?  

In terms of the picture, not working, whether by choice or not, is worse for us than working.  
 A dreadful thought, perhaps - particularly if working for a living has never agreed with you.1 But epidemiological higher analyses of every variety have long concluded that men who retire early don't live as long as men who keep working late into geezerhood. Given the opportunity to fill our days with nothing but recreational activity, we get in trouble - get beaned by a shanked golf ball, fall off a fishing boat after a beer too many, that kind of thing.  

 Anything that removes us too much from the nurturing2 world of women is simply bad for our health. That's not to say that we don't suffer some ill effects from work. Men are the victims of more than 90 percent of all job-related accidents. Our highly competitive instincts also propel us to advance in our professions and climbing the ladder can be stressful (although interestingly, most CEO's are in excellent health; they're highly resilient, born leaders).  

?Any job in which the tasks are slightly beyond our reach is going to cause stress - along with the high blood pressure, depressed3 immunity4 and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. But, then, raising children is stressful. Unemployment is really stressful. Vacations can be stressful. Driving in Milan is even a nightmare.  

 The point is that, in terms of the picture, not working, whether by choice or not, is worse for us than working. This has always been true, but now there are some modern wrinkles on this truism that reflect changing gender5 roles. 
 REWARDS OF SUCCESS
  Work is good for men - especially if the proper conditions are in place. For instance - and this is not likely to sit well with social egalitarians - men who are married to "homemaker" wives are more likely to have upwardly mobile careers. That's the conclusion of the Cornell University Retirement6 and Well-Being7 Study, which also found the converse8 to be true: Men married to women who work full-time are more likely to have downwardly mobile careers. From other data, we know that a successful and accomplished9 man is a healthy and happy man.  

? A recent Scottish study also points to the effects changing gender roles are having on men's working life. The increased number of women in both part-time and full-time work, the researchers say, may indirectly10 be responsible for rising rates of suicide and depression in men, at least in the British Isles11. For men, the resultant loss of status as sole financial provider for the family and the perceived loss of social status could all be risk factors for depression. 

?Family life also affects the benefits a man obtains from work. After having a baby, American men work longer hours, particularly if the child is a boy. 

?"We can only guess that having a son increases the value of marriage and family for men," says Shelly Lundberg, a psychologist at the University of Washington, an economics professor who did the research. Using data from the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics12, he found that the birth of a first son generated an average increase in a man's work time of 84 hours every year after the boy's birth - the equivalent of more than two additional weeks on the job. Men added only 31 hours after having a daughter. They also discovered a "fatherhood premium13" that raised men's hourly wages by about 5 percent every time they fathered a child. 

?RETIREMENT
  Research repeatedly has shown that a working family man with more disposable income is a happier, healthier man.  

 Still not convinced? The findings of people who study retirement suggest some good reasons not to retire. For one thing, newly retired14 men experience more marital15 conflict than non-retired men. Your wife simply finds it stressful to wonder whether you've been beaned by a golf ball or bobbing in the ocean next to your empty beer can.  
 The good news is that you can regain16 whatever you may have lost by retiring - and then going back to work. Psychologists Jungmeen E. Kim and Phyllis Moen of Cornell found that men who retire often gain a new lease on life when they decide to go back to work.
 "Post-retirement employment appears to be beneficial for their psychological well-being," says Kim. Those who are retired and re-employed report the highest morale17 and lowest depression. And men who are retired and not re-employed experience the lowest morale and most depression.
 Their study of 534 married men and women between 50 and 74 found the work-status links to morale and depression were regardless of age, income and health.
 So suck it up, buddy18, and plan to work until you drop. It's one prescription19 for longevity20 that is known to work.


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 full-time SsBz42     
adj.满工作日的或工作周的,全时间的
参考例句:
  • A full-time job may be too much for her.全天工作她恐怕吃不消。
  • I don't know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job.既要照顾家庭又要全天工作,我不知道她是如何对付的。
2 nurturing d35e8f9c6b6b0f1c54ced7de730a6241     
养育( nurture的现在分词 ); 培育; 滋长; 助长
参考例句:
  • These delicate plants need careful nurturing. 这些幼嫩的植物需要精心培育。
  • The modern conservatory is not an environment for nurturing plants. 这个现代化温室的环境不适合培育植物。
3 depressed xu8zp9     
adj.沮丧的,抑郁的,不景气的,萧条的
参考例句:
  • When he was depressed,he felt utterly divorced from reality.他心情沮丧时就感到完全脱离了现实。
  • His mother was depressed by the sad news.这个坏消息使他的母亲意志消沉。
4 immunity dygyQ     
n.优惠;免除;豁免,豁免权
参考例句:
  • The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
  • He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。
5 gender slSyD     
n.(生理上的)性,(名词、代词等的)性
参考例句:
  • French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性。
  • Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。
6 retirement TWoxH     
n.退休,退职
参考例句:
  • She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
  • I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。
7 well-being Fe3zbn     
n.安康,安乐,幸福
参考例句:
  • He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
  • My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福,却被误解为多管闲事。
8 converse 7ZwyI     
vi.谈话,谈天,闲聊;adv.相反的,相反
参考例句:
  • He can converse in three languages.他可以用3种语言谈话。
  • I wanted to appear friendly and approachable but I think I gave the converse impression.我想显得友好、平易近人些,却发觉给人的印象恰恰相反。
9 accomplished UzwztZ     
adj.有才艺的;有造诣的;达到了的
参考例句:
  • Thanks to your help,we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.亏得你们帮忙,我们才提前完成了任务。
  • Removal of excess heat is accomplished by means of a radiator.通过散热器完成多余热量的排出。
10 indirectly a8UxR     
adv.间接地,不直接了当地
参考例句:
  • I heard the news indirectly.这消息我是间接听来的。
  • They were approached indirectly through an intermediary.通过一位中间人,他们进行了间接接触。
11 isles 4c841d3b2d643e7e26f4a3932a4a886a     
岛( isle的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • the geology of the British Isles 不列颠群岛的地质
  • The boat left for the isles. 小船驶向那些小岛。
12 dynamics NuSzQq     
n.力学,动力学,动力,原动力;动态
参考例句:
  • In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利,你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
  • Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。
13 premium EPSxX     
n.加付款;赠品;adj.高级的;售价高的
参考例句:
  • You have to pay a premium for express delivery.寄快递你得付额外费用。
  • Fresh water was at a premium after the reservoir was contaminated.在水库被污染之后,清水便因稀而贵了。
14 retired Njhzyv     
adj.隐退的,退休的,退役的
参考例句:
  • The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。
  • Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。
15 marital SBixg     
adj.婚姻的,夫妻的
参考例句:
  • Her son had no marital problems.她的儿子没有婚姻问题。
  • I regret getting involved with my daughter's marital problems;all its done is to bring trouble about my ears.我后悔干涉我女儿的婚姻问题, 现在我所做的一切将给我带来无穷的烦恼。
16 regain YkYzPd     
vt.重新获得,收复,恢复
参考例句:
  • He is making a bid to regain his World No.1 ranking.他正为重登世界排名第一位而努力。
  • The government is desperate to regain credibility with the public.政府急于重新获取公众的信任。
17 morale z6Ez8     
n.道德准则,士气,斗志
参考例句:
  • The morale of the enemy troops is sinking lower every day.敌军的士气日益低落。
  • He tried to bolster up their morale.他尽力鼓舞他们的士气。
18 buddy 3xGz0E     
n.(美口)密友,伙伴
参考例句:
  • Calm down,buddy.What's the trouble?压压气,老兄。有什么麻烦吗?
  • Get out of my way,buddy!别挡道了,你这家伙!
19 prescription u1vzA     
n.处方,开药;指示,规定
参考例句:
  • The physician made a prescription against sea- sickness for him.医生给他开了个治晕船的药方。
  • The drug is available on prescription only.这种药只能凭处方购买。
20 longevity C06xQ     
n.长命;长寿
参考例句:
  • Good habits promote longevity.良好的习惯能增长寿命。
  • Human longevity runs in families.人类的长寿具有家族遗传性。
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