英国卫报：此时蜜糖,彼时砒霜(8)

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From the 1980s onwards, manufacturers of products advertised as uniquely healthy because they were low in fat,

从20世纪80年代开始，那些因低脂肪，

or specifically in saturated¹ fat, took to replacing those fat calories with sugar to make them equally,

尤其是低饱和脂肪而被标榜为健康产品的制造商开始用糖来取代脂肪卡路里，

if not more, palatable² – often disguising the sugar under one or more of the 50 names by which the combination of sugar and high-fructose corn syrup³ might be found.

使它们在含量降低的情况下同样保持美味——将糖伪装成50种名称中的一种或多种，这样就能发现糖和高果糖玉米糖浆的组合。

Fat was removed from candy bars so that they became "health-food bars", in spite of added sugar.

人们把糖果棒中的脂肪去掉便使其成了“健康食品棒”，尽管里面还是添加了糖。

Fat was removed from yoghurts and sugars added, and these became "heart-healthy snacks".

酸奶中的脂肪和糖分被去除，就成了“有益于心脏健康的食品”。

It was as though the food industry had decided⁴ en masse that, if a product wasn't sweetened at least a little, our modern palates would reject it and we would purchase instead a competitor's version that was.

食品行业似乎有这样一种共识，如果一种产品一点儿甜味都没有，那么我们现代人的味觉就会拒绝它，就会去购买竞争对手的带甜味儿的产品。

For those of us who don't reward our existence with a drink (and for many of us who do), it's a chocolate bar, a dessert, an ice-cream cone⁵ or a Coke (or Pepsi) that makes our day.

对于那些不以饮料来奖励自己的人(我们中的许多人都是)，巧克力棒、甜点、冰淇淋或可口可乐(或百事可乐)就是我们的一天。

For those of us who are parents, sugar and sweets have become the tools we wield⁶ to reward our children's accomplishments⁷, to demonstrate our love and our pride in them, to motivate them, to entice⁸ them.

对于我们这些为人父母的人来说，糖和糖果已经成为我们用来奖励孩子取得成就时的工具，用来展示我们对他们的爱和自豪，用来激励他们，引诱他们。

The common tendency is, again, to think of this transformation⁹ as driven by the mere¹⁰ fact that sugars and sweets taste good.

人们再次普遍倾向于认为这种转变仅仅是由“糖和糖果味道很好”这一事实驱动的。

The alternative way to think about this is that sugar took over our diets because the first taste, whether for an infant today or for an adult centuries ago, is a kind of intoxication¹¹;

另一种理解方式是，糖占据了我们的饮食，因为无论是对今天的婴儿还是几个世纪前的成年人来说，第一次尝到糖便陶醉其中了。

it's the kindling¹² of a lifelong craving¹³, not identical but analogous¹⁴ to the effect of other drugs of abuse.

它点燃了一种终身的渴望，与其他滥用药物的效果不同，但类似。

Because it is a nutrient¹⁵, and because the conspicuous¹⁶ ills connected to its consumption are benign¹⁷ compared with those of nicotine¹⁸,

因为糖是一种营养物质，而且与尼古丁、咖啡因和酒精相比，

caffeine and alcohol – at least in the short term and in small doses – sugar remained nearly invulnerable to moral, ethical¹⁹ or religious attacks.

糖带来的能看得到的危害都是良性的——至少在短期内和小剂量内是如此——因此，糖在道德、伦理或宗教的攻击下几乎是无懈可击的。

It also remained invulnerable to attacks on grounds of damage to health.

它也不会因健康受损而受到攻击。

1 saturated   

a.饱和的，充满的

参考例句：

• The continuous rain had saturated the soil. 连绵不断的雨把土地淋了个透。
• a saturated solution of sodium chloride 氯化钠饱和溶液

2 palatable   

adj.可口的，美味的；惬意的

参考例句：

• The truth is not always very palatable.事实真相并非尽如人意。
• This wine is palatable and not very expensive.这种酒味道不错，价钱也不算贵。

3 syrup   

n.糖浆，糖水

参考例句：

• I skimmed the foam from the boiling syrup.我撇去了煮沸糖浆上的泡沫。
• Tinned fruit usually has a lot of syrup with it.罐头水果通常都有许多糖浆。

4 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

5 cone   

n.圆锥体，圆锥形东西，球果

参考例句：

• Saw-dust piled up in a great cone.锯屑堆积如山。
• The police have sectioned off part of the road with traffic cone.警察用锥形路标把部分路面分隔开来。

6 wield   

vt.行使，运用，支配；挥，使用(武器等)

参考例句：

• They wield enormous political power.他们行使巨大的政治权力。
• People may wield the power in a democracy.在民主国家里，人民可以行使权力。

7 accomplishments   

n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就

参考例句：

• It was one of the President's greatest accomplishments. 那是总统最伟大的成就之一。
• Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing. 她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

8 entice   

v.诱骗，引诱，怂恿

参考例句：

• Nothing will entice the children from television.没有任何东西能把孩子们从电视机前诱开。
• I don't see why the English should want to entice us away from our native land.我不明白，为什英国人要引诱我们离开自己的国土。

9 transformation   

n.变化；改造；转变

参考例句：

• Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
• He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。

10 mere   

adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过

参考例句：

• That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
• It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。

11 intoxication   

n.wild excitement;drunkenness；poisoning

参考例句：

• He began to drink, drank himself to intoxication, till he slept obliterated. 他一直喝，喝到他快要迷糊地睡着了。
• Predator: Intoxication-Damage over time effect will now stack with other allies. Predator:Intoxication,持续性伤害的效果将会与队友相加。

12 kindling   

n. 点火, 可燃物 动词kindle的现在分词形式

参考例句：

• There were neat piles of kindling wood against the wall. 墙边整齐地放着几堆引火柴。
• "Coal and kindling all in the shed in the backyard." “煤，劈柴，都在后院小屋里。” 来自汉英文学 - 骆驼祥子

13 craving   

n.渴望,热望

参考例句：

• a craving for chocolate 非常想吃巧克力
• She skipped normal meals to satisfy her craving for chocolate and crisps. 她不吃正餐，以便满足自己吃巧克力和炸薯片的渴望。

14 analogous   

adj.相似的；类似的

参考例句：

• The two situations are roughly analogous.两种情況大致相似。
• The company is in a position closely analogous to that of its main rival.该公司与主要竞争对手的处境极为相似。

15 nutrient   

adj.营养的，滋养的；n.营养物，营养品

参考例句：

• Magnesium is the nutrient element in plant growth.镁是植物生长的营养要素。
• The roots transmit moisture and nutrient to the trunk and branches.根将水分和养料输送到干和枝。

16 conspicuous   

adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的

参考例句：

• It is conspicuous that smoking is harmful to health.很明显，抽烟对健康有害。
• Its colouring makes it highly conspicuous.它的色彩使它非常惹人注目。

17 benign   

adj.善良的，慈祥的；良性的，无危险的

参考例句：

• The benign weather brought North America a bumper crop.温和的气候给北美带来大丰收。
• Martha is a benign old lady.玛莎是个仁慈的老妇人。

18 nicotine   

n.(化)尼古丁，烟碱

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。

19 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。