英语听力：自然百科 大堡礁 珊瑚礁至雨林(31)

Obviously, this has a dramatic impact on the terrestrial environment, but it also has a significant effect on the reef itself.

显然这堆陆地环境将造成巨大影响，对大堡礁本身也有显著影响。

And it's not only crops, cattle ranches¹, fish farms, six large coastal² cities and many holiday resorts along the coast all have an impact on the reef system.

农作物不是唯一的问题，养牛场，养鱼场，6个大型沿海城市，无数海岸度假圣地都对珊瑚礁系统产生影响。

Without the natural vegetation controlling the movement of water in the seidments it carries, heavy rain now washes millions of tons of silt³, often laced with damaging fertilizers of pesticides⁴ straight into the lagoon⁵.

没有自然植被被缓冲雨水及雨水携带的沉积物，数百万吨淤泥被大雨直接冲刷下来，其中时常携带着破坏环境的化肥和农药，所有这些直接流入环礁湖。

Sediment⁶ pollutants⁷ can be so extensive, they sometimes spread all the way to the outer reef.

入海的沉积物扩散极广，有时甚至会蔓延到外堡礁。

In the sea grass meadows, the fine silt shrouds⁸ the light-dependant plants and fertilizers feed algal blooms that choke the life from them.

在海草牧场，泥沙覆盖了依赖光照的植物，而肥料催生了藻类爆发，消耗了其他生命需要的氧气。

When the meadows die, the turtles, dugongs and baby fish that depend on them die too.

当海草因此大批死去，以海草为食的海龟，儒艮和依赖海草的幼鱼也随之死去。

Near the shore, the water can be so murky⁹ that less light reaches the corals, so most fringing reefs have also disappeared.

靠近岸边的水体也会变得极为浑浊，只有少量光线可以照到珊瑚上，所以大部分的岸礁也消失了。

1 ranches   

大农场， （兼种果树，养鸡等的）大牧场( ranch的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They hauled feedlot manure from the ranches to fertilize their fields. 他们从牧场的饲养场拖走肥料去肥田。
• Many abandoned ranches are purchased or leased by other poultrymen. 许多被放弃的牧场会由其他家禽监主收买或租用。

2 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

3 silt   

n.淤泥，淤沙，粉砂层，泥沙层；vt.使淤塞；vi.被淤塞

参考例句：

• The lake was almost solid with silt and vegetation.湖里几乎快被淤泥和植物填满了。
• During the annual floods the river deposits its silt on the fields.每年河水泛滥时都会在田野上沉积一层淤泥。

4 pesticides   

n.杀虫剂( pesticide的名词复数 )；除害药物

参考例句：

• vegetables grown without the use of pesticides 未用杀虫剂种植的蔬菜
• There is a lot of concern over the amount of herbicides and pesticides used in farming. 人们对农业上灭草剂和杀虫剂的用量非常担忧。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 lagoon   

n.泻湖，咸水湖

参考例句：

• The lagoon was pullulated with tropical fish.那个咸水湖聚满了热带鱼。
• This area isolates a restricted lagoon environment.将这一地区隔离起来使形成一个封闭的泻湖环境。

6 sediment   

n.沉淀，沉渣，沉积(物)

参考例句：

• The sediment settled and the water was clear.杂质沉淀后，水变清了。
• Sediment begins to choke the channel's opening.沉积物开始淤塞河道口。

7 pollutants   

污染物质（尤指工业废物）( pollutant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Pollutants are constantly being released into the atmosphere. 污染物质正在不断地被排放到大气中去。
• The 1987 Amendments limit 301(g) discharges to a few well-studied nonconventional pollutants. 1987年的修正案把第301条（g）的普通排放限制施加在一些认真研究过的几种非常规污染物上。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

8 shrouds   

n.裹尸布( shroud的名词复数 )；寿衣；遮蔽物；覆盖物v.隐瞒( shroud的第三人称单数 )；保密

参考例句：

• 'For instance,' returned Madame Defarge, composedly,'shrouds.' “比如说，”德伐日太太平静地回答，“裹尸布。” 来自英汉文学 - 双城记
• Figure 3-10 illustrates the result of a study or conical shrouds. 图3-10表明了对锥形外壳的研究结果。 来自辞典例句

9 murky   

adj.黑暗的，朦胧的；adv.阴暗地，混浊地；n.阴暗；昏暗

参考例句：

• She threw it into the river's murky depths.她把它扔进了混浊的河水深处。
• She had a decidedly murky past.她的历史背景令人捉摸不透。