奥斯卡金酸梅奖 这些名字是什么意思？

 　　While some arts awards – the New York Film Critics Circle Awards, for instance – more or less tell you what they are by their name, other awards have a little more mystery in their monikers.

　　有那么些奖，比如“纽约影评人协会奖”，你一看名字就或多或少能猜出它是干嘛的。而有些略装逼的奖就是喜欢卖卖关子。

　　Oscar

　　奥斯卡（电影界）

　　According to the Oxford¹ English Dictionary (OED), the alternate name for an Academy Award – an ‘Oscar’ – has an uncertain origin, but perhaps comes from the name of Oscar Pierce, an American wheat and fruit farmer. The reason behind this unlikely namesake is Margaret Herrick, librarian (and later executive director) of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, who noted² in 1931 that the award statuette reminded her of her ‘Uncle Oscar’, the name by which she called her cousin Oscar Pierce. The reference stuck and the award is still referred to as an ‘Oscar’ more than 80 years later.

　　在牛津英语词典上，学院奖的别称是奥斯卡。而奥斯卡这一称呼怎么来的没有确切来处。有个说法是来自一名叫“奥斯卡·皮尔斯”的美国农民，这两个风马牛不相及的名字，因为玛格丽特·赫里克联系在一起。这位电影艺术与科学学院的图书管理员（后来的执行董事）在1931年时说到学院奖的小金人雕塑长得很像她奥斯卡叔叔，而那位种小麦和水果的农民奥斯卡·皮尔斯就是她的堂兄弟。于是，不知怎么的“奥斯卡”这个称呼就被一直用到了80年后的今天。

　　奥斯卡金酸梅奖 这些名字是什么意思？

　　Tony

　　托尼奖（戏剧界）

　　Perhaps surprisingly, the ‘Tony’ of the Tony Award does not refer to a man, but to a woman. The annual awards, which are given by the American Theatre Wing and the Broadway League in New York City to honor achievement in live Broadway theater, are named in honor of Antoinette ‘Tony’ Perry, an actress, manager, and producer.

　　你可能不知道的是，托尼奖的“托尼”不是男的，乃是一位女士。这个一年一度的百老汇盛事，由美国剧院翼和百老汇联盟在纽约颁发。它的名字来自知名女演员、制片人和导演安东尼特（托尼）·佩瑞。

　　Emmy

　　艾美奖（电视剧界）

　　In an era of binge-watching prestige dramas on tablets, the idea of cathode ray televisions feels awfully³ old-fashioned. However, it is likely that this old-fashioned technology is where the ‘Emmys’ got their name. Awarded for achievement in television by the American Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, the Emmys are said to be an alteration⁴ of Immy, which is itself a shortening of the term image orthicon. Image orthicon refers to a type of television camera tube popular in the cathode ray television sets of the mid-20th century.

　　在用平板电脑就可以大享电视剧盛宴的今天，阴极射线电视听起来就是个老古董。然而它却是艾美奖名字的来源。这个由美国电视艺术与科学学院颁发给电视剧界杰出贡献者的奖项，Emmy据说是由Immy演变过来的。Immy是image orthicon（影像正析管）的缩写，这是在19世纪中叶广为使用在电视机上的摄像管。

　　Grammy

　　格莱美奖（音乐界）

　　The etymological⁵ origins of Grammy, of the Grammy Award, which is awarded for achievement in the recording⁶ industry by the American National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, may also seem obscure to some millennials. After all, in an era when turntables have mostly been supplanted⁷ by digital music players, what exactly ‘Grammy’ refers to – surely not their grandmother? – may confuse some. The name comes from the shortening of gramophone to gram, with the added -my influence of ‘Emmy’.

　　格莱美奖是由美国国家录音艺术与科学学院颁发给音乐界卓越贡献者的奖项。Grammy（格莱美）这个词可能千禧年后出生的人看到也会云里雾里，总不能是外婆（grandmother）吧？在这个时代，唱片已经被数字音乐播放器取代，而Grammy就是gramophone（留声机）的简写gram+ my后缀（和Emmy奖一样）组成。

　　Palme d’Or

　　金棕榈奖（电影界）

　　The top jury prize awarded at the annual Cannes International Film Festival in Cannes, France, the reason why the award appears in the form of a ‘palme d’or’ (‘golden palm’) is probably confusing to industry outsiders and those living outside of France. The award is a reference to the coat of arms of Cannes, which features a palm leaf.

　　金棕榈奖是在法国戛纳国际电影节上颁发的至高无上的大奖。如果你既不在电影圈也不是法国人，可能搞不清“金棕榈”的名字其实是因为它的奖杯上装饰着的金色棕榈枝。（译者注：戛纳这座法国南部的滨海城市，在金银两色的沙滩上到处种植着高大挺拔的棕榈树）

　　Razzies

　　金酸莓奖（电影界）

　　The infamous⁸ Razzies, also known as the Golden Raspberry Awards, are given to the worst in the world of film, and are juxtaposed with the Academy Awards, or Oscars, which traditionally take place the following day. The award was named a ‘raspberry’ with reference to the sense of raspberry as a ‘sound made with the tongue and lips, expressing derision or contempt’.

　　Razzies（金酸莓奖）又叫Golden Raspberry Awards，是一个向烂片致敬的奖项，一般都抢在学院奖，也就是奥斯卡的前几天发布。金酸莓奖起名raspberry（覆盆子）是因为它有喝倒彩（把舌头放在两唇之间并发出声音）之意。

1 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

2 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

3 awfully   

adv.可怕地，非常地，极端地

参考例句：

• Agriculture was awfully neglected in the past.过去农业遭到严重忽视。
• I've been feeling awfully bad about it.对这我一直感到很难受。

4 alteration   

n.变更，改变；蚀变

参考例句：

• The shirt needs alteration.这件衬衣需要改一改。
• He easily perceived there was an alteration in my countenance.他立刻看出我的脸色和往常有些不同。

5 etymological   

adj.语源的，根据语源学的

参考例句：

• The etymological closeness of the Sanskrit and English words is striking. 梵语和英语的词源的连结性是如此地惊人。 来自互联网
• But the Chinese have often ignored this etymological hint. 但中国人经常忽略这一词根上隐含的意义。 来自互联网

6 recording   

n.录音，记录

参考例句：

• How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间？
• I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。

7 supplanted   

把…排挤掉，取代( supplant的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• In most offices, the typewriter has now been supplanted by the computer. 当今许多办公室里，打字机已被电脑取代。
• The prime minister was supplanted by his rival. 首相被他的政敌赶下台了。

8 infamous   

adj.声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的，邪恶的

参考例句：

• He was infamous for his anti-feminist attitudes.他因反对女性主义而声名狼藉。
• I was shocked by her infamous behaviour.她的无耻行径令我震惊。