VOA新闻杂志2022 世卫组织将在非洲推广世界首款疟疾疫苗

The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the next step in its release of the world’s first approved malaria¹ vaccine².

世界卫生组织宣布其发放世界上第一批获得批准的疟疾疫苗的下一步行动。

The release is expected to take place in three African countries: Ghana, Kenya and Malawi.

预计将在三个非洲国家发放疟疾疫苗：加纳、肯尼亚和马拉维。

But the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, a vaccine supporter, has said it has concerns.

但疫苗支持者比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会表示，他们对此表示担忧。

WHO said last fall the vaccine was a “historic” development in efforts to control malaria.

世卫组织表示，去年秋天，该疫苗在控制疟疾上取得了“历史性”的进展。

But the Gates Foundation told The Associated Press this week that it will no longer financially support the vaccine.

但比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会本周告诉美联社，它将不再为该疫苗提供资金支持。

Some scientists warn the decision could leave millions of African children at risk.

一些科学家警告称，这一决定可能会让数百万非洲儿童面临危险。

It could also weaken future efforts to solve difficult problems in public health.

这还可能会削弱未来解决公共卫生难题的努力。

The vaccine is called Mosquirix and is sold by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK).

这种疫苗名为Mosquirix，由英国葛兰素史克公司销售。

It is about 30 percent effective and requires four doses.

它的有效率约为30%，需要四剂。

The malaria vaccine has “a much lower efficacy than we would like,” said Philip Welkhoff.

菲利普·韦尔克霍夫说，这种疟疾疫苗的有效率“比我们想要达到的有效率要低得多”。

He is the Gates Foundation's director of malaria programs.

他是比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会疟疾项目的负责人。

The foundation is ending its support after spending more than $200 million and working more than 20 years to get the vaccine.

在为获得该疫苗投入2亿多美元资金且努力了20多年后，该基金会将结束其对该疫苗的支持。

Welkhoff also said the vaccine is too costly³ and difficult to provide.

韦尔克霍夫还表示，该疫苗成本太高，难以提供。

Welkhoff said the foundation's money would be better spent on other malaria vaccines⁴ and treatments.

韦尔克霍夫说，该基金会的钱应该更好地用于其他疟疾疫苗和治疗方法。

Some of the resources that might have gone into providing the vaccine to countries have been redirected to buy new mosquito nets.

一些本可用于向各国提供疫苗的资源已被用于购买新的蚊帐。

Alister Craig is with the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.

阿里斯特·克雷格就职于利物浦热带医学院。

“It’s not the greatest vaccine in the world, but there are ways of using it that could have a big impact,” he said.

他说：“这不是世界上最好的疫苗，但有一些使用它的方法可能会产生很大的影响”。

The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic hurt efforts to stop malaria.

新冠疫情在全球范围内的爆发减缓了消除疟疾的进展。

Malaria killed more than 620,000 people in 2020 and caused 241 million cases, mainly in children under five in Africa, Craig said.

克雷格说，2020年，疟疾导致超过62万人死亡，造成2.41亿病例，主要是非洲五岁以下儿童。

“There could be another vaccine approved in about five years, but that’s a lot of lives lost if we wait until then,” Craig said.

克雷格说：“大约五年后可能会有另一种疫苗获得批准，但如果我们等到那时，很多人就会失去生命。”

There is another vaccine currently being developed by Oxford⁵ University.

牛津大学目前正在研发另一种疫苗。

BioNTech, creator of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, also plans to use the messenger RNA technology it used for the coronavirus for a malaria shot.

辉瑞新冠疫苗的开发公司德国生物新技术公司也计划使用它用于新冠病毒的信使核糖核酸技术来研发疟疾疫苗。

But that project has just begun.

但这个项目才刚刚开始。

Another big problem is production.

另一个大问题是生产。

GSK said it can only produce about 15 million injections per year until 2028.

英国葛兰素史克公司表示，在2028年之前，它每年只能生产约1500万剂疫苗。

WHO estimates that to protect the 25 million children born in Africa every year, at least 100 million doses every year might be needed.

世卫组织估计，为了保护每年在非洲出生的2500万名儿童，每年可能需要至少1亿剂疫苗。

“All the money in the world” would not help the vaccine's short-term supply problems, said Welkhoff.

“全世界所有的钱”都无法解决该疫苗的短期供应问题，韦尔克霍夫说。

He noted⁶ that the Gates Foundation continues to support the Gavi vaccine alliance.

他指出，比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会继续支持全球疫苗免疫联盟。

Gavi said it is spending nearly $156 million to make the vaccine available in the three African countries.

全球疫苗免疫联盟表示，它将花费近1.56亿美元在这三个非洲国家提供疫苗。

The vaccine, even with its problems, is still greatly desired in Malawi.

尽管这种疫苗存在问题，但马拉维仍然非常需要它。

Nolia Zidana said she hopes to get her two young sons the shot after seeing malaria sicken them several times — and surviving it herself.

诺莉娅·齐达纳说，她目睹了她的两个年幼的儿子数次感染疟疾，她自己也在感染疟疾后幸存下来，因此她希望能给他们注射疫苗。

“Growing up with my parents and siblings⁷, we have been sick from malaria all the time,” she said.

她说：“我在父母、兄弟姐妹的陪伴下长大，我们一直患有疟疾”。

Dr. Michael Kayange is with Malawi's Ministry⁸ of Health.

迈克尔·卡扬格博士就职于马拉维卫生部。

He urged everyone in the country to take whatever measures they can to stop malaria.

他敦促该国所有人采取一切可能的措施来遏制疟疾。

Immunization itself is unable to stop the disease and people should take many measures, he said.

他说，免疫接种本身无法遏制这种疾病，人们应该采取许多措施。

“Even just by sleeping under a mosquito net, you have played your role in reducing the malaria burden in the country,” he said.

他说：“即使只是睡在蚊帐下，你也在减轻该国的疟疾负担方面发挥了作用”。

I’m Dan Novak.

丹·诺瓦克为您播报。

1 malaria   

n.疟疾

参考例句：

• He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
• Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

2 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

3 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

4 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

5 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

6 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

7 siblings   

n.兄弟，姐妹( sibling的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• A triplet sleeps amongst its two siblings. 一个三胞胎睡在其两个同胞之间。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She has no way of tracking the donor or her half-siblings down. 她没办法找到那个捐精者或她的兄弟姐妹。 来自时文部分

8 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。